软件设计师第4部分计算机英语
第4部分计算机英语
Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) technology is the (1) component architecture for the Java 2 Plat- form, Enterprise Edition (J2EE) platform. EJB technology enables rapid and simplified development of(2),(3), secure and portable applications based on Java technology. In EJB 2. x, there are three kinds of enterprise beans : (4), ( 5 ) ,message - driver bean.
( 1 ) A. client - side
B. server - side
C. database - side
D. HTTFP - side
(2), ( 3 ) A. distributed
B. integration
C. transactional
D. international
(4) ,(5)A. instance bean
B. entity bean
C. transaction bean
D. session bean
答案:(1)B (2)A (3)C (4)B (5)D
解析：企业级JavaBeans(EJB)技术是Jaya 2平台上服务器端的组建架构体系。即J2EE平台。EJB技术使企业能够快速、简便地开发出基于Java技术的分布式的、事务完整的、安全和轻便的企业级应用。在EJB2·x中，共有3种企业级bean：实体bean、会话bean、消息驱动bean。
●SOAP Version l．2(SOAP)is a lightweight(6)intended for exchanging structured information in a decentralized。distributed environment．It uses(7)technologies to define an extensible messaging framework providing a message construct that can be exchanged over a variety of underlying protocols· The framework has been designed to be(8)of any particular programming model and other implementa— tion sDecifie semantics．Two major design goals for SOAP are(9)and(10)．SOAP attempts to meet these， goals by omitting，from the messaging framework，features that are often found in distributed sys-terns．
(6)A．standard
B．protocol
C．criterion
D．draft
(7)A．HTTP
B．HTML
C．XML
D．XHTML
(8)A adhere
B．build upon
C．dependent
D．independent
(9)、(10)A．simplicity
B．complicated
C．extensibility
D．tensibility
答案：(6)B (7)C (8)D (9)B (10)D
解析：SOAP简单对象应用协议是一个轻量级的协议，它的目的是在分散和分布的环境下交换结构化的信息。它使用XML技术来定义一个可扩展的消息框架以提供一个可在各种底层协议上交互的消息架构。这个消息框架被设计成为独立于任何编程模型和其他具体实现语义。SOAP设计的两大主要目的是简单和可扩展。SOAP试图通过在消息框架上省略分布式系统中常见的特征来达到这两个目的。
●The Semantic Web is a web of dat a There is lots of data we all use every day，and its not part of the（11）．I can see my bank statements on the web，and my photographs，and I can see my appoint． ments in a calendar．But can I see my photos in a calendar to see what l was doing when I took them 9． Can I see bank statement lines in a calendar?
Why not?Because we don’t have a web of dat a Because data is controlled by （12），and each application keeps it to itself．
The Semantic Web is about two things．It is about common formats for interchange of(1 3)，where011 the original Web we only had interchange of documents．Also it is about language for recording how the data relates to real world（14）．That allows a person，or a （15），to start off in one database，and then move through an unending set of databases which are connected not by wires but by being about the same thing.
( 11 ) A. life
B. WWW
C. page
D. web
(12) A. manager
B. applications
C. software
D. computer
(13) A. documents
B. pages
C. means
D. data
(14) A. objects
B. people
C. computers
D. instances
( 15 )A. operator
B. administrator
C. machine
D. server
答案：(11)D (12)B (13)D (14)A (15)C
解析：语义web是一个数据组成的网络。我们现在每天使用大量数据。它们并不是网络的一部分。我可以在网上看我的银行结单。还有我的照片。我可以在我的日历上看到我的约会。但是我能在看日历里的照片时看到我照相时在干什么吗?我能在日历中看到银行授信额度吗?
为什么不能?因为我们并不是拥有一个由数据组成的网络。因为数据是由应用程序控制的，并且只为它自己维护数据。
语义web主要涉及了两方面。它是交换数据的公共方式，在最初的网络上我们只有交换文档的方式。它也是一种语言。这个语言记录了怎样将数据与现实世界对象相联系。这样就允许一个人或者一台机器，从一个数据库开始，在一系列无尽的数据库间移动，而这些数据库不是靠电线连接的。而是因为它们都是关于同一件事物的数据库。
●The web is an information space．Human beings have a lot of mental machinery for manipula-
tin9，imaginin9，and finding their way in spaces．URIs are the （16）in that space．
Unlike web data formats，where HTML is an important one，but not the only one，and web pmto- cols，where HTTP has a similar status，there is only one Web (17)technology：URIs． Uniform Resource Identifiers(URIs，aka URLs)are short strings that (18)resources in the web： documents，images，downloadable files，services，electronic mailboxes，and other resources．They make resources(19)under a variety of naming schemes and(20)methods such as HTTP，FrP，and Interact mail addressable in the same simple way．They reduce the tedium of”log in to this server．then issue thi{ magic command…”down to a single click．
It is an extensible technology：there are a number of existing addressing schemes，and more may be incorporated over time．
(16)A．identifiers
B．strings
C．machinesD points
(17)A．accessing
B．naming／addressing
C．communicatin9
D．searching
(18)A．nanle
B．access
C．identify
D．find
(19)A．available
B．avail
C．reachable
D．necessary
(20)A．explorer
B．download
C．access
D．browse
答案：(16)D (17)B (18)C (19)A (20)C
解析：互联网是一个信息空间。在外太空中，人类有很多用来操纵、设想、寻路的高智商机器。URIs就是信息空间的指南。
HTML是一种重要的网上数据格式。但不是唯一一种；对于网络协议，HTTP拥有相似地位。但是不像网上数据的格式和网络协议，网络上只有一种命名／寻址技术：URIs。
统一资源定位符(URIs，aka URLs)是一些在网上标识资源的字符串。这些资源包括：文档、图片、可下载文件、服务、电子邮箱以及其他资源。他们使资源在一系列命名机制和访问方法比如HTTP、FTP下变成是可获取的。网上邮件也是靠这种简便方法设定地址的。他们使繁杂的“登录服务器。然后发出命令…”操作变成为一个简单的点击。
它是一个可扩展的技术：现在有多种寻址机制，并且随着时间的过去，更多的技术将会合并。
Network managers have long awaited (21) voice-over-IP(VOIP)solutions. VOIP (22)ease network management and decreases costs by converging a company' s telephony and data infrastructures into one network. And a VOIP solution implemented at a company' s head - quarters with far - reaching/23 ) offices can save tremendous amounts of (24)in long distance phone bills, provided that solutiori de- livers POTS -like voice quality (25)the Internet.
(21) A. practice
B. practical
C. practicably
D. practicum
(22) A. promising
B. promised
C. promises
D. promise
(23) A. small
B. local
C. branch
D. end
(24) A. cash
B. money
C. space
D. time
(25) A. in
B. through
C. over
D. above
答案：(21)B (22)C (23)C (24)B (25)C
解析：网络管理者很久之前就等待着实用的(practical)VOIP解决方案的出现。VOIP承诺(promises)网络管理能够更加简便。并通过将公司语音和数据结合在一个网络内传送达到减小开销的目的。VOIP可以节省公司总部与遥远的分支(branch)机构间的长途话音业务的开销(money)，通过(over)因特网传输，可提供同传统话音(POTS)有着相同的话音质量。
A firewall is a standalone process or a set of (26) processes that runs on a (27)or server to e, ontrol the flow of networked application traffic (28) through it. Typically, firewalls are placed on the en- try point to a public network such as the (29). They could be considered traffic cops. The firewall' s role is to (30) that all communication between an organization' s network and the Internet conform to the or- ganiz, ation' s security policies.
(26) A. related
B. isolated
C. independent
D. integrated
(27) A. browser
B. router
C. repeater
D. client
(28) A. pass
B. passed
C. passing
D. passes
(29) A. LAN
B. Entranet
C. VPN
D. Internet
(30) A. sure
B. confirm
C. ensure
D. make tree
答案：(26)D (27)B (28)C (29)D (30)C
解析：防火墙是一个独立的或是一组集成的(integrated)进程，运行于路由器(router)或是服务器上，控制通过(passing)其上的网络应用的流量。传统的防火墙放置在公共网络(如互联网Internet)的入口处。防火墙的角色是确保(ensure)组织内部网与公共网的通信都遵守该组织的安全策略。
MIMD systems can be classified into throughout oriented systems, high (31) systems and re- sponse oriented systems. The goal of throughout oriented multiprocessing is to obtain high throughout(32) minimal computing cost. The techniques employed by multiprocessor operating systems to achieve this goal take advantage of an inherent processing versus input/output ( 33 ) in the workload to produce balanced and (34) loading of system (35).
(31 ) A. avail
B. useful
C. availability
D. throughput
(32) A. to
B. of
C. on
D. at
(33) A. balance
B. balanced
C. balances
D. balancing
(34) A. unit
B. unique
C. uniform
D. united
(35) A. resource
B. resources
C. source
D. sources
答案：31(C) 32(D) 33(A) 34(C) 35(B)
解析：MIMD系统可以分成面向吞吐量的系统、高实用性(availability)的系统和面向反应的系统。其中面向吞吐量的系统的目标是以(at)最低的计算代价获得高吞吐量。多处理系统为达到这一目标。而利用其固有的对工作量中I／0平衡(balance)的处理，来达到对系统资源(resouFce)负载的平衡和一致(uniform)。
Soon, more of the information we receive via the Internet could come packaged in (36) wrap- pers. Wrappers are made up (37 ) software code that is (38)to do specific things with the data (39) within them, such as helping to define queries for search engines . They also keep outsiders from (40). access to that code.
(36) A. digit
B. digital
C. digitally
D. digesting
(37) A. off
B. of
C. on
D. out
(38) A. target
B. targets
C. targeting
D. targeted
(39) A. close
B. closed
C. enclose
D. enclosed
(40) A. gaining
B. gained
C. gains
D. gain
答案：36(B) 37(B) 38(D) 39(C)40(A)
解析：在不久的将来，我们在因特网上接受的信息将更多的带有数字的(digital)包装。这种包装是由特定目的的软件代码封装数据而成的。比如，软件代码可帮助定义搜索引擎的查询。它也可以防止外界(outsiders)获得(gaining)对信息的访问。
There are many kinds of Computer languages. A typical imperative language contains an (41)_ sub language which approximates the mathematical abstractions of" timeless" functions applied to "space- less" values, where the actual operation sequences and use Of storage space during expression evaluation are organized behind the (42). In this setting, values are data structures of low volume, typically a few computer words or less, which means that an illusion of (43) can be realized by having intermediate re- suits during expression evalution stored at the discretion of the language implementation, and effecting pa- rameter (44)and (45)operations through value copying.
(41) A. applicative
B. mandatory
C. application
D. voluntary
(42) A. screen
B. background
C. foreground
D. scenes
(43) A. spaceful
B. spacelessness
C. spaceless
D. space
(44) A. transportation
B. tranverse
C. transmission
D. translation
(45) A. assignment
B. dispatch
C. value
D. design
答案：(41)A (42)D (43)B(44)C(45)A
解析：计算机语言有很多种。典型的强制性语言都包含一个应用型(applicative)子语言，它近似于无需时间的函数应用于无空间的值的数学抽象，在表达式求值期间的实际操作序列和使用的存储空间都被隐藏在计算现场(scenes)之后。在这种假定之下，传递的值只是少量的数据结构，通常只有几个计算机字长甚至更少，这意味着无需空间(spacelessness)的设想可以这样实现：表达式求值过程中产生的中间结果可以根据语言的实现存储在任意的位置，结果参数的传递(transmission)和赋值(assignment)操作可以通过值的拷贝来实现。
(48) A. replays
B. replaces
C. relays
D. repeals
(49) A. workstation
B. user
C. customer
D. client
(50) A. methods
B. replacements
C. choices
D. alternatives
答案：(46)B (47)A (48)C (49)D (50)D
解析：SOCKS是一种基于TCP／IP网络的通用代理协议。SOCKS由两部分组成：SOCKS服务器和SOCKS客户端。SOCKS服务器在应用层实现，SOCKS客户端在应用层和传输层之间实现。当一个应用程序要连接到应用服务器时，客户端就连接到SOCKS代理服务器。代理服务器代表客户端连接到应用服务器。在客户端和应用服务器之闻转发数据。对于应用服务器来说，代理服务器是客户。SOCKS也是一种常用的网络防火墙。由于它的简单性和灵活性。SOCKS已经在虚拟专用网中(VPN)被作为通常的应用代理，为外部应用程序提供服务。
~ A Web browser is simply a terminal emulator, designed to display text on a screen. The two es- sential differences between an ordinary terminal emulator and a Web browser are that the browser knows how to deal with (51), and that it has a (52) for displaying graphical files, display text, display graph- ics, and (53) hyperlinks -- there' s 99 percent of the (54) value. That' s not to say that the manufactur- ers didn' t go all - out to attach a hyperactive efflorescence of useless capabilities onto their browsers. Re- member when media channels in the browser were a big deal, instead of the clutter you can' t wait to de- lete from your favorites of bookmarks menu? Remember when client - side Java applets were supposed to become the preferred (55) for application development? Remember frames and all their nasty side effects?
(51 ) A. superlinks
B. links
C. hyperlinks
D. connections
(52) A. mechanism
B. method
C. way
D. technique
(53)A. direct
B. navigate
C. indicate
D. go - on
(54) A. emulator' s
B. terminal' s
C. Web browser' s
D. network' s
(55) A. plate
B. plant
C. plane
D. platform
答案：(51)C (52)A (53)B (54)C (55)D
解析：Web浏览器只是一个终端仿真器。用于在屏幕上显示文本。通常的终端仿真器与Web浏览器之间的主要差别是浏览器知道怎样处理超链接，并且具有显示图形文件的机制。显示文本、显示图形和导航超链接——这就是Web浏览器百分之九十九的价值所在。但这并不是说制造商就不会竭尽全力地增加东西，给他们的浏览器增加一些无用的功能。想一想浏览器中大量的媒体频道，你还记得忙不迭地从收藏夹菜单上删除那些乱七八糟的东西吗?还记得客户端的小程序被假定为首选的应用开发平台吗?还记得那些弹出页面带来的令人讨厌的副作用吗？
Sharing data effectively is (56) for success in today' s competitive environment. Managers must know how to use a variety of tools. Integrated data takes information from different sources and puts it to- gether in a meaningful and useful way. One of the difficulties of this is the (57) in hardware and soft- ware. (58) integration uses a base document that contains copies of other objects. (59) integration uses a base document that contains the current or most recent version of the source document it contains.
(60) provides an overview of the program written in" plain" English, without the computer syntax.
(56) A. useless
B. crucial
C. irrespective
D. inutile
(57) A. diversity
B. interoperability
C. similarity
D. interaction
(58)A. Dynamic
B. Static
C. Simulated
D. Duplicated
(59) A. Pointed
B. Linked
C. Static
D. Dynamic
(60) A. Flowchart
B. Pseudocode
C. Data Flowchart
D. High - leve language
答案：(56)B (57)A (58)B (59)D (60)C
解析：当今竞争环境下。有效共享数据对于成功是至关重要的。管理人员必须学会如何使用一系列不同的：具。数据集成使来自不同数据源的数据以一种有效和有用的方式组合在一起。这种集成面临的问题之一就是{硬件的多样性问题。静态集成使用一个包含其它主题拷贝的基础文档，动态集成使用它所包含的源文档的当前j者最近的版本。
伪代码通过使用通俗的不带有计算机语法的英语，提供了一个程序概貌。
Traditional structured analysis techniques focus upon the flow of (61)within a system. Object- oriented analysis emphasizes the building of real - world models. It examines requirements from the perspective of the classes and objects found in the vocabulary of the (62)domain.
Traditional system design method emphasizes the proper and effective structure of a complex system. Object - oriented design method encompasses the process of object - oriented decomposition and a (63) for depicting both logical and physical as well as static and dynamic models of the system under design. Object - oriented programming is a method of implementation in which programs are organized as co- operative collections Of objects, each of which represents an (64) of some class, and whose classes are all members of a hierarchy of classes united via (65)relationships.
(61) A. data
B. program
C. control
D. pointer
(62) A. data
B. problem
C. program
D. solution
(63) A. symbol
B. mask
C. mark
D. notation
(64) A. existence
B. example
C. instance
D. implementation
( 65 ) A. encapsulation
B. inference
C. inheritance
D. polymorphism
答案：(61)A (62)B (63)D (64)C (65)C
解析：传统的结构化分析技术关注的是系统内的数据流程。面向对象分析强调对现实世界的建模，它从问题域中的类和对象的角度来检查需求。
传统系统设计方法强调复杂系统的适当的和有效的结构，面向对象设计方法包括面向对象的分解过程和一个描述待设计系统的物理的和逻辑的模型，以及静态和动态模型的符号。
面向对象的程序设计是这样实现的：程序是由互相协作的对象组成的，每个对象都代表某个类的一个实例。这些类都是通过继承关系联系起来的类层次的成员。
Networks can be interconnected by different devices. In the physical layer, networks can be connected by repeaters or (66), which just move the bits from one network to an identical network. One layer up we find bridges and switches, which operate at data link layer. They can accept (67), examine the MAC address, and forward the frames to a different network while doing minor protocol translation in the process. In the network layer, we have routers that can connect two networks. If two networks have(68) network layer, the router may be able to translate between the packet formats. In the transport layer we find transport gateway, which can interface between two transport connections. Finally, in the appli cation layer, application gateways translate message (69). As an example, gateways between Internet e - mail and X. 400 e - mail must (70) the e - mail message and change various header fields.
(66) A. hubs
B. relays
C. connectors
D. modems
(67) A. packages
B. packets
C. frames
D. cells
(68) A. special
B. dependent
C. similar
D. dissimilar
( 69 ) A. syntax
B. semantics
C. language
D. format
( 70 ) A. analyze
B. parse
C. delete
D. create
答案：(66)A (67)C (68)D (69)A (70)B
解析：网络可以用不同的设备互连。在物理层，可以用中继器或者集线器互连网络。这些设备只是在相同的网络问传送比特。在往上一层的链路层。使用网桥和交换机，这些设备能够接收数据帧、检查MAC地址、并可以实现少量的协议转换，把数据帧转发到不同的网络中。在网络层，我们使用路由器连接两个网络。如果两个网络的网络层不同，路由器能够对分组格式进行转换。在传输层，我们使用传输网关，它可以在两个传输连接之间建立接口。最后。在应用层，应用网关实现消息语法之间的翻译。例如．在Internet邮件和X．400邮件之间的网关可以对邮件报文进行分析，对报文的各报头字段做出改变。
The purpose of the requirements definition phase is to produce a clear , complete, consistent,
and testable (71)of the technical requirements for the software product.
During the requirements definition phase, the requirements definition team uses an iterative process to expand a broad statement of the system requirements into a complete and detailed specification of each function that the software must perform and each (72)that it must meet. The starting point is usually a set Of high-level requirements from the (73)that describe the project or problem.
In either case , the requirements definition team formulates an overall concept for the system and then defines (74) showing how the system will be operated , publishes the system and operations concept document, and conducts a system concept review(SCR).
Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) technology is the (1) component architecture for the Java 2 Plat- form, Enterprise Edition (J2EE) platform. EJB technology enables rapid and simplified development of(2),(3), secure and portable applications based on Java technology. In EJB 2. x, there are three kinds of enterprise beans : (4), ( 5 ) ,message - driver bean.
( 1 ) A. client - side
B. server - side
C. database - side
D. HTTFP - side
(2), ( 3 ) A. distributed
B. integration
C. transactional
D. international
(4) ,(5)A. instance bean
B. entity bean
C. transaction bean
D. session bean
答案:(1)B (2)A (3)C (4)B (5)D
解析：企业级JavaBeans(EJB)技术是Jaya 2平台上服务器端的组建架构体系。即J2EE平台。EJB技术使企业能够快速、简便地开发出基于Java技术的分布式的、事务完整的、安全和轻便的企业级应用。在EJB2·x中，共有3种企业级bean：实体bean、会话bean、消息驱动bean。
●SOAP Version l．2(SOAP)is a lightweight(6)intended for exchanging structured information in a decentralized。distributed environment．It uses(7)technologies to define an extensible messaging framework providing a message construct that can be exchanged over a variety of underlying protocols· The framework has been designed to be(8)of any particular programming model and other implementa— tion sDecifie semantics．Two major design goals for SOAP are(9)and(10)．SOAP attempts to meet these， goals by omitting，from the messaging framework，features that are often found in distributed sys-terns．
(6)A．standard
B．protocol
C．criterion
D．draft
(7)A．HTTP
B．HTML
C．XML
D．XHTML
(8)A adhere
B．build upon
C．dependent
D．independent
(9)、(10)A．simplicity
B．complicated
C．extensibility
D．tensibility
答案：(6)B (7)C (8)D (9)B (10)D
解析：SOAP简单对象应用协议是一个轻量级的协议，它的目的是在分散和分布的环境下交换结构化的信息。它使用XML技术来定义一个可扩展的消息框架以提供一个可在各种底层协议上交互的消息架构。这个消息框架被设计成为独立于任何编程模型和其他具体实现语义。SOAP设计的两大主要目的是简单和可扩展。SOAP试图通过在消息框架上省略分布式系统中常见的特征来达到这两个目的。
●The Semantic Web is a web of dat a There is lots of data we all use every day，and its not part of the（11）．I can see my bank statements on the web，and my photographs，and I can see my appoint． ments in a calendar．But can I see my photos in a calendar to see what l was doing when I took them 9． Can I see bank statement lines in a calendar?
Why not?Because we don’t have a web of dat a Because data is controlled by （12），and each application keeps it to itself．
The Semantic Web is about two things．It is about common formats for interchange of(1 3)，where011 the original Web we only had interchange of documents．Also it is about language for recording how the data relates to real world（14）．That allows a person，or a （15），to start off in one database，and then move through an unending set of databases which are connected not by wires but by being about the same thing.
( 11 ) A. life
B. WWW
C. page
D. web
(12) A. manager
B. applications
C. software
D. computer
(13) A. documents
B. pages
C. means
D. data
(14) A. objects
B. people
C. computers
D. instances
( 15 )A. operator
B. administrator
C. machine
D. server
答案：(11)D (12)B (13)D (14)A (15)C
解析：语义web是一个数据组成的网络。我们现在每天使用大量数据。它们并不是网络的一部分。我可以在网上看我的银行结单。还有我的照片。我可以在我的日历上看到我的约会。但是我能在看日历里的照片时看到我照相时在干什么吗?我能在日历中看到银行授信额度吗?
为什么不能?因为我们并不是拥有一个由数据组成的网络。因为数据是由应用程序控制的，并且只为它自己维护数据。
语义web主要涉及了两方面。它是交换数据的公共方式，在最初的网络上我们只有交换文档的方式。它也是一种语言。这个语言记录了怎样将数据与现实世界对象相联系。这样就允许一个人或者一台机器，从一个数据库开始，在一系列无尽的数据库间移动，而这些数据库不是靠电线连接的。而是因为它们都是关于同一件事物的数据库。
●The web is an information space．Human beings have a lot of mental machinery for manipula-
tin9，imaginin9，and finding their way in spaces．URIs are the （16）in that space．
Unlike web data formats，where HTML is an important one，but not the only one，and web pmto- cols，where HTTP has a similar status，there is only one Web (17)technology：URIs． Uniform Resource Identifiers(URIs，aka URLs)are short strings that (18)resources in the web： documents，images，downloadable files，services，electronic mailboxes，and other resources．They make resources(19)under a variety of naming schemes and(20)methods such as HTTP，FrP，and Interact mail addressable in the same simple way．They reduce the tedium of”log in to this server．then issue thi{ magic command…”down to a single click．
It is an extensible technology：there are a number of existing addressing schemes，and more may be incorporated over time．
(16)A．identifiers
B．strings
C．machinesD points
(17)A．accessing
B．naming／addressing
C．communicatin9
D．searching
(18)A．nanle
B．access
C．identify
D．find
(19)A．available
B．avail
C．reachable
D．necessary
(20)A．explorer
B．download
C．access
D．browse
答案：(16)D (17)B (18)C (19)A (20)C
解析：互联网是一个信息空间。在外太空中，人类有很多用来操纵、设想、寻路的高智商机器。URIs就是信息空间的指南。
HTML是一种重要的网上数据格式。但不是唯一一种；对于网络协议，HTTP拥有相似地位。但是不像网上数据的格式和网络协议，网络上只有一种命名／寻址技术：URIs。
统一资源定位符(URIs，aka URLs)是一些在网上标识资源的字符串。这些资源包括：文档、图片、可下载文件、服务、电子邮箱以及其他资源。他们使资源在一系列命名机制和访问方法比如HTTP、FTP下变成是可获取的。网上邮件也是靠这种简便方法设定地址的。他们使繁杂的“登录服务器。然后发出命令…”操作变成为一个简单的点击。
它是一个可扩展的技术：现在有多种寻址机制，并且随着时间的过去，更多的技术将会合并。
Network managers have long awaited (21) voice-over-IP(VOIP)solutions. VOIP (22)ease network management and decreases costs by converging a company' s telephony and data infrastructures into one network. And a VOIP solution implemented at a company' s head - quarters with far - reaching/23 ) offices can save tremendous amounts of (24)in long distance phone bills, provided that solutiori de- livers POTS -like voice quality (25)the Internet.
(21) A. practice
B. practical
C. practicably
D. practicum
(22) A. promising
B. promised
C. promises
D. promise
(23) A. small
B. local
C. branch
D. end
(24) A. cash
B. money
C. space
D. time
(25) A. in
B. through
C. over
D. above
答案：(21)B (22)C (23)C (24)B (25)C
解析：网络管理者很久之前就等待着实用的(practical)VOIP解决方案的出现。VOIP承诺(promises)网络管理能够更加简便。并通过将公司语音和数据结合在一个网络内传送达到减小开销的目的。VOIP可以节省公司总部与遥远的分支(branch)机构间的长途话音业务的开销(money)，通过(over)因特网传输，可提供同传统话音(POTS)有着相同的话音质量。
A firewall is a standalone process or a set of (26) processes that runs on a (27)or server to e, ontrol the flow of networked application traffic (28) through it. Typically, firewalls are placed on the en- try point to a public network such as the (29). They could be considered traffic cops. The firewall' s role is to (30) that all communication between an organization' s network and the Internet conform to the or- ganiz, ation' s security policies.
(26) A. related
B. isolated
C. independent
D. integrated
(27) A. browser
B. router
C. repeater
D. client
(28) A. pass
B. passed
C. passing
D. passes
(29) A. LAN
B. Entranet
C. VPN
D. Internet
(30) A. sure
B. confirm
C. ensure
D. make tree
答案：(26)D (27)B (28)C (29)D (30)C
解析：防火墙是一个独立的或是一组集成的(integrated)进程，运行于路由器(router)或是服务器上，控制通过(passing)其上的网络应用的流量。传统的防火墙放置在公共网络(如互联网Internet)的入口处。防火墙的角色是确保(ensure)组织内部网与公共网的通信都遵守该组织的安全策略。
MIMD systems can be classified into throughout oriented systems, high (31) systems and re- sponse oriented systems. The goal of throughout oriented multiprocessing is to obtain high throughout(32) minimal computing cost. The techniques employed by multiprocessor operating systems to achieve this goal take advantage of an inherent processing versus input/output ( 33 ) in the workload to produce balanced and (34) loading of system (35).
(31 ) A. avail
B. useful
C. availability
D. throughput
(32) A. to
B. of
C. on
D. at
(33) A. balance
B. balanced
C. balances
D. balancing
(34) A. unit
B. unique
C. uniform
D. united
(35) A. resource
B. resources
C. source
D. sources
答案：31(C) 32(D) 33(A) 34(C) 35(B)
解析：MIMD系统可以分成面向吞吐量的系统、高实用性(availability)的系统和面向反应的系统。其中面向吞吐量的系统的目标是以(at)最低的计算代价获得高吞吐量。多处理系统为达到这一目标。而利用其固有的对工作量中I／0平衡(balance)的处理，来达到对系统资源(resouFce)负载的平衡和一致(uniform)。
Soon, more of the information we receive via the Internet could come packaged in (36) wrap- pers. Wrappers are made up (37 ) software code that is (38)to do specific things with the data (39) within them, such as helping to define queries for search engines . They also keep outsiders from (40). access to that code.
(36) A. digit
B. digital
C. digitally
D. digesting
(37) A. off
B. of
C. on
D. out
(38) A. target
B. targets
C. targeting
D. targeted
(39) A. close
B. closed
C. enclose
D. enclosed
(40) A. gaining
B. gained
C. gains
D. gain
答案：36(B) 37(B) 38(D) 39(C)40(A)
解析：在不久的将来，我们在因特网上接受的信息将更多的带有数字的(digital)包装。这种包装是由特定目的的软件代码封装数据而成的。比如，软件代码可帮助定义搜索引擎的查询。它也可以防止外界(outsiders)获得(gaining)对信息的访问。
There are many kinds of Computer languages. A typical imperative language contains an (41)_ sub language which approximates the mathematical abstractions of" timeless" functions applied to "space- less" values, where the actual operation sequences and use Of storage space during expression evaluation are organized behind the (42). In this setting, values are data structures of low volume, typically a few computer words or less, which means that an illusion of (43) can be realized by having intermediate re- suits during expression evalution stored at the discretion of the language implementation, and effecting pa- rameter (44)and (45)operations through value copying.
(41) A. applicative
B. mandatory
C. application
D. voluntary
(42) A. screen
B. background
C. foreground
D. scenes
(43) A. spaceful
B. spacelessness
C. spaceless
D. space
(44) A. transportation
B. tranverse
C. transmission
D. translation
(45) A. assignment
B. dispatch
C. value
D. design
答案：(41)A (42)D (43)B(44)C(45)A
解析：计算机语言有很多种。典型的强制性语言都包含一个应用型(applicative)子语言，它近似于无需时间的函数应用于无空间的值的数学抽象，在表达式求值期间的实际操作序列和使用的存储空间都被隐藏在计算现场(scenes)之后。在这种假定之下，传递的值只是少量的数据结构，通常只有几个计算机字长甚至更少，这意味着无需空间(spacelessness)的设想可以这样实现：表达式求值过程中产生的中间结果可以根据语言的实现存储在任意的位置，结果参数的传递(transmission)和赋值(assignment)操作可以通过值的拷贝来实现。
(48) A. replays
B. replaces
C. relays
D. repeals
(49) A. workstation
B. user
C. customer
D. client
(50) A. methods
B. replacements
C. choices
D. alternatives
答案：(46)B (47)A (48)C (49)D (50)D
解析：SOCKS是一种基于TCP／IP网络的通用代理协议。SOCKS由两部分组成：SOCKS服务器和SOCKS客户端。SOCKS服务器在应用层实现，SOCKS客户端在应用层和传输层之间实现。当一个应用程序要连接到应用服务器时，客户端就连接到SOCKS代理服务器。代理服务器代表客户端连接到应用服务器。在客户端和应用服务器之闻转发数据。对于应用服务器来说，代理服务器是客户。SOCKS也是一种常用的网络防火墙。由于它的简单性和灵活性。SOCKS已经在虚拟专用网中(VPN)被作为通常的应用代理，为外部应用程序提供服务。
~ A Web browser is simply a terminal emulator, designed to display text on a screen. The two es- sential differences between an ordinary terminal emulator and a Web browser are that the browser knows how to deal with (51), and that it has a (52) for displaying graphical files, display text, display graph- ics, and (53) hyperlinks -- there' s 99 percent of the (54) value. That' s not to say that the manufactur- ers didn' t go all - out to attach a hyperactive efflorescence of useless capabilities onto their browsers. Re- member when media channels in the browser were a big deal, instead of the clutter you can' t wait to de- lete from your favorites of bookmarks menu? Remember when client - side Java applets were supposed to become the preferred (55) for application development? Remember frames and all their nasty side effects?
(51 ) A. superlinks
B. links
C. hyperlinks
D. connections
(52) A. mechanism
B. method
C. way
D. technique
(53)A. direct
B. navigate
C. indicate
D. go - on
(54) A. emulator' s
B. terminal' s
C. Web browser' s
D. network' s
(55) A. plate
B. plant
C. plane
D. platform
答案：(51)C (52)A (53)B (54)C (55)D
解析：Web浏览器只是一个终端仿真器。用于在屏幕上显示文本。通常的终端仿真器与Web浏览器之间的主要差别是浏览器知道怎样处理超链接，并且具有显示图形文件的机制。显示文本、显示图形和导航超链接——这就是Web浏览器百分之九十九的价值所在。但这并不是说制造商就不会竭尽全力地增加东西，给他们的浏览器增加一些无用的功能。想一想浏览器中大量的媒体频道，你还记得忙不迭地从收藏夹菜单上删除那些乱七八糟的东西吗?还记得客户端的小程序被假定为首选的应用开发平台吗?还记得那些弹出页面带来的令人讨厌的副作用吗？
Sharing data effectively is (56) for success in today' s competitive environment. Managers must know how to use a variety of tools. Integrated data takes information from different sources and puts it to- gether in a meaningful and useful way. One of the difficulties of this is the (57) in hardware and soft- ware. (58) integration uses a base document that contains copies of other objects. (59) integration uses a base document that contains the current or most recent version of the source document it contains.
(60) provides an overview of the program written in" plain" English, without the computer syntax.
(56) A. useless
B. crucial
C. irrespective
D. inutile
(57) A. diversity
B. interoperability
C. similarity
D. interaction
(58)A. Dynamic
B. Static
C. Simulated
D. Duplicated
(59) A. Pointed
B. Linked
C. Static
D. Dynamic
(60) A. Flowchart
B. Pseudocode
C. Data Flowchart
D. High - leve language
答案：(56)B (57)A (58)B (59)D (60)C
解析：当今竞争环境下。有效共享数据对于成功是至关重要的。管理人员必须学会如何使用一系列不同的：具。数据集成使来自不同数据源的数据以一种有效和有用的方式组合在一起。这种集成面临的问题之一就是{硬件的多样性问题。静态集成使用一个包含其它主题拷贝的基础文档，动态集成使用它所包含的源文档的当前j者最近的版本。
伪代码通过使用通俗的不带有计算机语法的英语，提供了一个程序概貌。
Traditional structured analysis techniques focus upon the flow of (61)within a system. Object- oriented analysis emphasizes the building of real - world models. It examines requirements from the perspective of the classes and objects found in the vocabulary of the (62)domain.
Traditional system design method emphasizes the proper and effective structure of a complex system. Object - oriented design method encompasses the process of object - oriented decomposition and a (63) for depicting both logical and physical as well as static and dynamic models of the system under design. Object - oriented programming is a method of implementation in which programs are organized as co- operative collections Of objects, each of which represents an (64) of some class, and whose classes are all members of a hierarchy of classes united via (65)relationships.
(61) A. data
B. program
C. control
D. pointer
(62) A. data
B. problem
C. program
D. solution
(63) A. symbol
B. mask
C. mark
D. notation
(64) A. existence
B. example
C. instance
D. implementation
( 65 ) A. encapsulation
B. inference
C. inheritance
D. polymorphism
答案：(61)A (62)B (63)D (64)C (65)C
解析：传统的结构化分析技术关注的是系统内的数据流程。面向对象分析强调对现实世界的建模，它从问题域中的类和对象的角度来检查需求。
传统系统设计方法强调复杂系统的适当的和有效的结构，面向对象设计方法包括面向对象的分解过程和一个描述待设计系统的物理的和逻辑的模型，以及静态和动态模型的符号。
面向对象的程序设计是这样实现的：程序是由互相协作的对象组成的，每个对象都代表某个类的一个实例。这些类都是通过继承关系联系起来的类层次的成员。
Networks can be interconnected by different devices. In the physical layer, networks can be connected by repeaters or (66), which just move the bits from one network to an identical network. One layer up we find bridges and switches, which operate at data link layer. They can accept (67), examine the MAC address, and forward the frames to a different network while doing minor protocol translation in the process. In the network layer, we have routers that can connect two networks. If two networks have(68) network layer, the router may be able to translate between the packet formats. In the transport layer we find transport gateway, which can interface between two transport connections. Finally, in the appli cation layer, application gateways translate message (69). As an example, gateways between Internet e - mail and X. 400 e - mail must (70) the e - mail message and change various header fields.
(66) A. hubs
B. relays
C. connectors
D. modems
(67) A. packages
B. packets
C. frames
D. cells
(68) A. special
B. dependent
C. similar
D. dissimilar
( 69 ) A. syntax
B. semantics
C. language
D. format
( 70 ) A. analyze
B. parse
C. delete
D. create
答案：(66)A (67)C (68)D (69)A (70)B
解析：网络可以用不同的设备互连。在物理层，可以用中继器或者集线器互连网络。这些设备只是在相同的网络问传送比特。在往上一层的链路层。使用网桥和交换机，这些设备能够接收数据帧、检查MAC地址、并可以实现少量的协议转换，把数据帧转发到不同的网络中。在网络层，我们使用路由器连接两个网络。如果两个网络的网络层不同，路由器能够对分组格式进行转换。在传输层，我们使用传输网关，它可以在两个传输连接之间建立接口。最后。在应用层，应用网关实现消息语法之间的翻译。例如．在Internet邮件和X．400邮件之间的网关可以对邮件报文进行分析，对报文的各报头字段做出改变。
The purpose of the requirements definition phase is to produce a clear , complete, consistent,
and testable (71)of the technical requirements for the software product.
During the requirements definition phase, the requirements definition team uses an iterative process to expand a broad statement of the system requirements into a complete and detailed specification of each function that the software must perform and each (72)that it must meet. The starting point is usually a set Of high-level requirements from the (73)that describe the project or problem.
In either case , the requirements definition team formulates an overall concept for the system and then defines (74) showing how the system will be operated , publishes the system and operations concept document, and conducts a system concept review(SCR).
Following the SCR, the team derives (75) requirements for the system from the high level require- ments and the system and operations concept. Using structured or object-oriented analysis, the team specifies the software functions and algorithms needed to satisfy each detailed requirement.
(71) A. function
B. statement
C. definition
D. specification
(72) A. request
B. standard
C. criterion
D. system
(73) A. producer
B. programmer
C. customer
D. analyzer
(74) A. rules
B. principles
C. scenarios
D. scenes
(75) outlined
B. detailed
C. total
D. complete
答案：(71)D (72)A (73)C (74)C (75)B
解析：需求定义阶段的目的是为软件产品产生一个清晰的、完整的、一致的、可测试的技术需求规格说明。
在需求定义阶段。需求定义团队通过迭代过程把有关系统需求的泛泛的陈述扩展成系统必须实现的各个功能的、完整而详细的规格说明，以及系统应该满足的各种准则。这个过程的起点通常是由用户提供的描述项目或问题的一组高级需求。
在任何情况下，需求定义团队应该阐明与系统有关的整体概念，并且设定一种能够显示系统如何运做的情景，发布有关系统和运行的概念文档，并进行系统概念的评审(SCR)。
在SCR之后，团队应该根据高级需求和系统运行概念导出详细的系统需求。通过结构化的或者面向对象的分析技术。团队可以规范系统功能，说明满足每一细节需求的算法。