2011职称英语考试技巧:如何准确把握文章段落大意
在职称英语考试中，您会为密密麻麻的英文字母赶到无从准确概括文章的段落大意吗？稍微处理不好，就有可能影响接下来的考试。不要着急！博大考神职称英语考试研究中心给您支招：如何准确把握文章段落大意？
所谓“知己知彼，百战不殆”。其实，只要我们了解并熟悉了英语文章的篇章结构，准确把握文章的段落大意就不是什么难事了。下面我们列举职称英语教材上面的几段话来剖析英语文章中段落的结构：
（一）【主题句段首型】
According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter outs a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionally associate quality with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.
本段共有四句话，该段的结构是明显的总分结构，它的主题句是段落的第一句，美国的餐厅应为人们不断增大的肚子受到一定程度的指责。而后面的三句话则举例子：服务员为客人提供过多的事物，这样客人对餐厅的评价就会更高，一次来说明本段的主题：美国餐厅应受指责。
值得注意的是，在职称英语考试中，这一类型的考题出现频率相比之下要高得多。
（二）【主题句段中型】
The vegetable and fruit and flower merchants are surrounded by baskets of purple eggplants, green peppers, strings of tiny silvery onions, heads of bitter Indian spinach, and a dozen Indian vegetables for which I don’t even know the English names. I had forgotten about the profusion of fruit in India—it is only during the brief intense summer that you see much variety of fruit in Moscow. In Russia, as winter approaches all vegetables except for potatoes and the pervasive cabbage in soup seem to disappear from the menus.
本段共三句话，第一句列举印度菜市场上蔬菜水果品种繁多的景象，以此引出主题句我已经忘记了只有在莫斯科的夏天才能看到的品种多样丰富的水果，而第三句话也是对主题句的又一个列举。
（三）【主题句段尾型】
People live in cities today think that meat is something that comes warped in cellophane from the supermarket, potatoes come by the pound in plastic or paper bags, and feather grows in hats. The city dwellers’’ views are quite different from the views of their ancestors, who knew that meat is hunted down in the forest, potatoes are planted and weeded, and inky birds can produce feathers. Yet, whether people today realize it or not, they are still as dependent on animals and plants for their existence as their ancestors were.
本段共三句话，每一句话之间曾现层层递进的关系：首句介绍现在住城里的人对食物和衣服的看法，由此引出第二句介绍人类祖先对食物和衣服的看法，最后通过对比古人和当代人对食物衣服的不同看法，总结出现在的人们和古人一样需要动物和植物才能生存。
如果大家时常遇到这种题，我们不难发现，主题句前面往往是接在专责关系词后，如yet, but, however, on the contrary等。
（四）【隐含主题句型】
A bus driver must answer questions while guiding a bus through heavy traffic. All day long, the driver answers the same questions without becoming angry. Every few minutes a bus driver has to ask passengers to step to the rear of the bud. In spite of traffic snarls and thoughtless passengers who cause delays, a bus driver is expected to cover his or her route on schedule.
本段共四句话，阅读完后会发现每一句话都在讲述公交司机工作辛苦，所以我们需要自己归纳出主题句“Driving a bus is a hard work.”。
你来找找下面这段话的主题句吧！
2008综合B概括大意选段：
The US isn't the only country dealing with citizenship tests that aim to get a "shared commitment" from immigrants for their adopted country's "values". In recent years, in addition to the usual requirement of language/work skills and economic status, several European countries have adopted citizenship tests. Britain introduced a new citizenship test last November. In March, a new Dutch law took effect requiring all would-be immigrants to take a citizenship test. It involved watching a video showing nude(裸体的) women bathing at beaches and gay(同性恋的) men kissing in public. The aim was to ensure that "newcomers will be comfortable with the country's liberal social mores(风俗)".
【答案】第一句
相关推荐：
2010年职称英语考试通关做题技巧全攻略 心得：职称英语考试并不难 考好职称英语是如何准备的 经验谈：怎样有效背诵职称英语词汇
所谓“知己知彼，百战不殆”。其实，只要我们了解并熟悉了英语文章的篇章结构，准确把握文章的段落大意就不是什么难事了。下面我们列举职称英语教材上面的几段话来剖析英语文章中段落的结构：
（一）【主题句段首型】
According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter outs a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionally associate quality with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.
本段共有四句话，该段的结构是明显的总分结构，它的主题句是段落的第一句，美国的餐厅应为人们不断增大的肚子受到一定程度的指责。而后面的三句话则举例子：服务员为客人提供过多的事物，这样客人对餐厅的评价就会更高，一次来说明本段的主题：美国餐厅应受指责。
值得注意的是，在职称英语考试中，这一类型的考题出现频率相比之下要高得多。
（二）【主题句段中型】
The vegetable and fruit and flower merchants are surrounded by baskets of purple eggplants, green peppers, strings of tiny silvery onions, heads of bitter Indian spinach, and a dozen Indian vegetables for which I don’t even know the English names. I had forgotten about the profusion of fruit in India—it is only during the brief intense summer that you see much variety of fruit in Moscow. In Russia, as winter approaches all vegetables except for potatoes and the pervasive cabbage in soup seem to disappear from the menus.
本段共三句话，第一句列举印度菜市场上蔬菜水果品种繁多的景象，以此引出主题句我已经忘记了只有在莫斯科的夏天才能看到的品种多样丰富的水果，而第三句话也是对主题句的又一个列举。
（三）【主题句段尾型】
People live in cities today think that meat is something that comes warped in cellophane from the supermarket, potatoes come by the pound in plastic or paper bags, and feather grows in hats. The city dwellers’’ views are quite different from the views of their ancestors, who knew that meat is hunted down in the forest, potatoes are planted and weeded, and inky birds can produce feathers. Yet, whether people today realize it or not, they are still as dependent on animals and plants for their existence as their ancestors were.
本段共三句话，每一句话之间曾现层层递进的关系：首句介绍现在住城里的人对食物和衣服的看法，由此引出第二句介绍人类祖先对食物和衣服的看法，最后通过对比古人和当代人对食物衣服的不同看法，总结出现在的人们和古人一样需要动物和植物才能生存。
如果大家时常遇到这种题，我们不难发现，主题句前面往往是接在专责关系词后，如yet, but, however, on the contrary等。
（四）【隐含主题句型】
A bus driver must answer questions while guiding a bus through heavy traffic. All day long, the driver answers the same questions without becoming angry. Every few minutes a bus driver has to ask passengers to step to the rear of the bud. In spite of traffic snarls and thoughtless passengers who cause delays, a bus driver is expected to cover his or her route on schedule.
本段共四句话，阅读完后会发现每一句话都在讲述公交司机工作辛苦，所以我们需要自己归纳出主题句“Driving a bus is a hard work.”。
你来找找下面这段话的主题句吧！
2008综合B概括大意选段：
The US isn't the only country dealing with citizenship tests that aim to get a "shared commitment" from immigrants for their adopted country's "values". In recent years, in addition to the usual requirement of language/work skills and economic status, several European countries have adopted citizenship tests. Britain introduced a new citizenship test last November. In March, a new Dutch law took effect requiring all would-be immigrants to take a citizenship test. It involved watching a video showing nude(裸体的) women bathing at beaches and gay(同性恋的) men kissing in public. The aim was to ensure that "newcomers will be comfortable with the country's liberal social mores(风俗)".
【答案】第一句
相关推荐：
2010年职称英语考试通关做题技巧全攻略 心得：职称英语考试并不难 考好职称英语是如何准备的 经验谈：怎样有效背诵职称英语词汇