TXET 1：2013年在职MPA英语阅读理解强化练习及答案
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When they advise your kids to "get an education" if you want to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide man power for your society, but not too much that you prove an embarrassment to your society.
Get a high school diploma, at least. Without that, you are occupationally dead, unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison and you can successfully drop out in grade school.
Get a college degree, if possible. With a B. A., you are on the launching pad (发射台). But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go for a master's degree, make sure it is an M. B. A. , and only from a first-rate university. Beyond this, the famous law of diminishing returns (报酬递减率) begins to take effect.
Do you know, for instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more a year than full professors?Yes, the average 1977 salary for those truckers was $24, 000, while the full professors managed to average just $23,930.
A Ph. D. is the highest degree you can get, but except in a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry, where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes, you are facing a dim future. There are more Ph. D.s unemployed or underemployed in this country than in any other part of the world by far.
If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropology or political science Or languages or-worst of all-in philosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands.
Thousands of Ph.D.s are selling shoes, driving cabs, waiting on tables and filling out fruitless applications month after month. And then maybe taking a job in some high school or backwater college that pays much less than the janitor earns.
You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far. Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.
1. According to the writer, what the society expects of education is to turn out people who _____.
A. will not be a shame to the society
B. will become loyal citizens
C. can take care of themselves
D. can meet the demands as a source of manpower
2. Many Ph.D. s are out of job because____.
A. they are wrongly educated
B. they are of little commercial value to the society
C. there are fewer jobs in high schools
D. they prefer easy jobs with more money
3. The nation is only interested in people ____.
A. with diplomas
B. specialized in physics and chemistry
C. valuable to the gross national product
D. both A and C
4. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Bernard Shaw didn't finish high school, nor did Edison.
B. One must think carefully before going for a master's degree.
C. The higher your educational level, the more money you will earn.
D. If you are too well educated, you'll make things difficult for the society.
参考答案：D B D C
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Many Americans harbor a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food. Fergus Clydesdale, head of the department of food science and nutrition at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, says bluntly that if the dangers from bacterially contaminated chicken were as great as some people believe, "the streets would be littered with people lying here and there."
Though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such thing. Bruce Ames, chairman of the bio-chemistry department at the University of California, Berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plant's weight is made up of natural pesticides (杀虫剂). Says he: "Since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare." And many naturally produced chemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be strong carcinogens—a substance which can cause cancer. Mushrooms (蘑菇) might be banned if they were judged by the same standards that apply to food additives (添加剂).Declares Christina Stark, a nutritionist at Cornell University: "We'Ve got far worse natural chemicals in the food supply than anything man-made."
Yet the issues are not that simple. While Americ. ans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety. They unconsciously and unwillingly take in too much of too many dangerous chemicals. If food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. Though most people will withstand the small mounts of contaminants generally found in food and water, at least a few individuals will probably get cancer one day because of what they eat and drink.
To make good food and water supplies even better, the Government needs to tighten its regulatory standards, stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. The food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less hazardous alternatives. Perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly. The problems that need to be tackled exist all along the food-supply chain, from fields to processing plants to kitchens.
1. What does the author think of the Americans' view of their food?
A. They overstate the government's interference with the food industry.
B. They are overoptimistic about the safety of their food.
C. They overestimate the hazards of their food.
D. They overlook the risks of the food they eat.
2. The author considers it impossible to obtain no-risk food because____.
A. no food is free from pollution in the environment
B. pesticides are widely used in agriculture
C. many vegetables contain dangerous natural chemicals
D. almost all foods have additives
3. By saying "they employ chemical warfare" (Line 4, Para. 2), Bruce Ames means____.
A. plants produce certain chemicals to combat pests and diseases
B. plants absorb useful chemicals to promote their growth
C. farmers use man-made chemicals to dissolve the natural chemicals in plants
D. farmers use chemicals to protect plants against pests and diseases
4. The reduction of the possible hazards in food ultimately depends on_____.
A. the government
C. the processor
B. the consumer
D. the grower
5. What is the message the author wants to convey in the passage?
A. Eating and drinking have become more hazardous than before.
B. Immediate measures must be taken to improve food production and processing.
C. Health food is not a dream in modem society.
D. There is reason for caution but no cause for alarm with regard to food consumption.
参考答案：C A A B D
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In the United States, the need to protect plant and animal species has become a highly controversial and sharply political issue since the passage of the Endangered Species Act in 1973. The act, designed to protect species' living areas, and policies that preserve land and forests compete with economic interests. In the 1990's, for example, the woodcutters in the Western United States were challenged legally in their attempt to cut trees for timber in the Cascade Mountains. The challenge was mounted to protect the endangered spotted owl (猫头鹰) , whose remaining population occupies these forests and requires the intact, ancient forest for survival. The problematic situation set the interests of environmentalists against those of corporations and of individuals who stood to lose jobs. After months of debate and legal battles, the fate of the woodcutters—and the owls—was still undecided in mid-1992.
Similar tensions exist between the developed and the developing nations. Many people in industrialized nations, for example, believe that developing nations in tropical regions should do more to protect their rain forests and other natural areas. But the developing countries may be impoverished ( 使穷困 ), with populations growing so rapidly that using the land is a means to temporarily avoid worsening poverty and starvation.
Many of the changes to Earth that concern scientists have the potential to rob the planet of its biological richness. The destruction of Earth's ozone layer( 臭氧层), for example, could contribute to the general process of impoverishment by allowing ultra-violet rays to harm plants and animals. And global warming could wipe out species unable to quickly adapt to changing climates. Clearly, protecting will come only through coordinated international efforts to control human population, stabilize the composition of the atmosphere, and preserve intact Earth's complex web of life.
1. Why does the author say that the protection of endangered species is a highly controversial issue?
A. Because people can't agree as to what species to protect.
B. Because it is difficult to find an effective way to protect such species.
C. Because it affects the interests of certain groups of people.
D. Because it is a major problem involving a series of legal procedures.
2. According to the passage, the preservation of rain forests _____.
A. may hamper developing country in its fight against poverty
B. benefits developed countries rather than developing countries
C. should take priority over the control of human population
D. will help improve the living conditions in developing countries
3. According to the passage, cutting trees to grow more food _____.
A. will widen the gap between the developed and the developing countries
B. is but a short-term relief to the food problem
C. can hardly alleviate the shortage of food
D. proves to be an effective way out for impoverished nations
4. Among "humanity's current problems" (Line6, Para. 3 ), the chief concern of the scientists is _____.
A. the impoverishment of developing countries
B. the explosion of the human population
C. the reduction of biological diversity
D. the effect of global wamfing
5. The author's purpose in writing this passage is _____.
A. to describe the difficulties in solving humanity's current problems
B. to present the different views on humanity's current problems
C. to analyse the contradiction between countries in dealing with humanity's current problems
D. to point out that humanity's current problems can only be solved through the cooperation of nations
参考答案：C A B C D
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Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities. Of course, there have always been people who have looked for adventure-those who have climbed the highest mountains, explored unknown parts of the world or sailed in small boats across the greatest oceans. Now, however, there are people who seek an immediate excitement from a risky activity which may only last a few minutes or even seconds.
I would consider bungee jumping to be a good example of such an activity. You jump from a high place (perhaps a bridge or a hot-air balloon) 200 meters above the ground with an elastic rope tied to your ankles. You fall at up to 150 kilometers an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground. It is estimated that two million people around the world have now tried bungee jumping. Other activities which most people would say are as risky as bungee jumping involve jumping from tall buildings and diving into the sea from the top of high cliffs.
Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, people's lives were constantly under threat. They had to go out and hunt for food, diseases could not easily be cured, and life was a continuous battle for survival.
Nowadays, according to many people, life offers little excitement. They live and work in comparatively safe environment; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to seek danger in activities such as bungee jumping.
1. A suitable title for the passage is .
A. Dangerous Sports: What and Why?
B. The Boredom of Modern Life
C. Bungee Jumping: Is It Really Dangerous?
D. The Need for Excitement
2. More and more people today .
A. are trying activities such as bungee jumping
B. are climbing the highest mountains
C. are close to death in sports
D. are looking for adventures such as exploring unknown places
3. People probably take part in dangerous sports nowadays because .
A. they have a lot of free time
B. they can go to hospital if they are injured
C. their lives lack excitement
D. hey no longer need to hunt for food
4. The writer of the passage has a(n) attitude towards dangerous sports.
A. positive
B. negative
C. objective
D. subjective
参考答案：A A C C
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Every year television stations receive hundreds of complaints about the loudness of advertisements. However, federal rules forbid the practice of making ads louder than the programming. In addition, television stations always operate at the highest sound level allowed for reasons of efficiency. According to one NBC executive, no difference exists in the peak sound level of ads programming. Given this information, why do commercials sound so loud?
The sensation of sound involves a variety of factors in addition to its speak level. Advertisers are skillful at creating the impression of loudness through their expert use of such factors. One major contributor to the perceived loudness of commercials is that much less variation in sound level occurs during a commercial. In regular programming the intensity of sound varies over a large range. However, sound levels in commercials tend to stay at or near peak levels.
Other "tricks of the trade" are also used. Because low-frequency sounds can mask higher frequency sounds, advertisers filter out any noises that may drown out the primary message. In addition, the human voice has more auditory (听觉的) impact in the middle frequency ranges. Advertisers electronically vary voice sounds so that they stay within such a frequency band. Another approach is to write the script so that lots of consonants ( 辅音 ) are used, because people are more aware of consonants than vowel ( 元音 ) sounds. Finally, advertisers try to begin commercials with sounds that are highly different from those of the programming within which the commercial is buried. Because people become adapted to the type of sounds coming from programming, a dramatic change in sound quality draws viewer attention. For example, notice how many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some type.
The attention-getting property of commercial can be seen by observing one-to-two -year-old children who happen to be playing around a television set. They may totally ignore the programming. However, when a commercial comes on, their attention is immediately drawn to it because of its dramatic sound quality.
1. According to the passage, the maximum intensity of sound coming from comme rcials .
A. does not exceed that of programs
B. is greater than that of programs
C. varies over a large range than that of programs
D. is less than that of programs
2. Commercials create the sensation of loudness because .
A. TV stations always operate at the highest sound levels
B. their sound levels are kept around peak levels
C. their sound levels are kept in the middle frequency ranges
D. unlike regular programs their intensity of sound varies over a wide range
3. Many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some kind because .
A. pop songs attract viewer attention
B. it can increase their loudness
C. advertisers want to make them sound different from regular programs
D. advertisers want to merge music with commercials
4. One of the reasons why commercials are able to attract viewer attention is that .
A. the human voices in commercials have more auditory impact
B. people like cheerful songs that change dramatically in sound quality
C. high-frequency sounds are used to mask sounds that drown out the primary message
D. they possess sound qualities that make the viewer feel that something unusual is happening
5. In the passage, the author is trying to tell us .
A. How TV ads vary vocal sounds to attract attention
B. how the loudness of TV ads is overcome
C. how advertisers control the sound properties of TV ads
D. how the attention-getting properties of sounds are made use of in TV ads
参考答案：A B C D D
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The estimates of the numbers of home-schooled children vary widely. The U. S. Department of Education estimates there are 250,000 to 350,000 home-schooled children in the country. Home-school advocates put the number much higher—at about a million.
Many public school advocates take a harsh attitude toward home schoolers, perceiving their actions as the ultimate slap in the face for public education and a damaging move for the children. Home schoolers harbor few kind words for public schools, charging shortcomings that range from lack of religious perspective in the curriculum to a herdlike approach to teaching children.
Yet, as public school officials realize they stand little to gain by remaining hostile to the home-school population and as home sehoolers realize they can reap benefits from public schools, these hard lines seem to be softening a bit. Public schools and home shoolers have moved closer to tolerance and, in some cases, even cooperation.
Says John Marshall, an education official, "We are becoming relatively tolerant of home schoolers." The idea is, "Let's give the kids access to public school so they'll see it's not as terrible as they've been told, and they'll want to come back."
Perhaps, but don't count on it, say home-school advocates. Home schoolers oppose the system because they have strong convictions that their approach to education—wether fueled by religious enthusiasm or the individual child's interests and natural pace—is best.
"The bulk of home schoolers just want to be left alone," says Enge Cannon, associate director of the National Center For Home Education. She says home schoolers choose that path for a variety of reasons, but religion plays a role 85 percent of the time.
Professor Van Galen breaks home schoolers into two groups. Some home schoolers want their children to learn not only traditional subject matter but also "strict religious doctrine and a conservative political and social perspective. Not incidentally, they also want their children to learn—both intellectually and emotionally—that the family is the most important institution in society."
Other home schoolers contend "not so much that the schools teach heresy (异端邪说) , but that schools teach whatever they teach inappropriately," Van Galen writes, "These parents are highly independent and strive to 'take responsibility' for their own lives within a society that they define as bureaucratic and inefficient."
1. According to the passage, home schoolers are .
A. those who engage private teachers to provide additional education for their children
B. those who educate their children at home instead of sending them to school
C. those who advocate combining public education with home schooling
D. those who don't go to school but are educated at home by their parents
2. Public schools are softening their position on home schooling because .
A. there isn't much they can go to change the present situation
B. they want to show their tolerance for different teaching systems
C. home schooling provides a new variety of education for children
D. public schools have so many problems that they cannot offer proper education for all children
3. Home-school advocates are of the opinion that .
A. things in public schools are not so bad as has often been said
B. their tolerance of public education will attract more kids to public schools
C. home schooling is superior and, therefore, they will not easily give in
D. their increased cooperation with public school will bring about the improvement of public education
4. Most home schoolers' opposition to public education stems from their .
A. respect for the interests of individuals
B. worry about the inefficiency of public schools
C. concern with the cost involved
D. devotion to religion
5. According to Van Galen some home schoolers believe that .
A. public schools take up a herdlike approach to teaching children
B. teachers in public school are not as responsible as they should be
C. public schools cannot provide an education that is good enough for their children
D. public schools are the source of bureaucracy and inefficiency in modern society
参考答案：B A C D C
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Cyberspace (网络空间) , data superhighways, multimedia for those who have seen the future, the linking of computers, television and telephones will change our lives for ever. Yet for all the talk of a forthcoming technological Utopia (乌托邦) little attention bas been given to the implications of these developments for the poor. As with all new high technology, while the West concerns itself with the "how", the question of "for whom" is put aside once again.
Economists are only now realizing the full extent to which the communications revolution has affected the world economy. Information technology allows the extension of trade across geographical and industrial boundaries, and transnational corporations take full advantage of it. Terms of trade, exchange and interest rates and money movements are more important than the production of goods. The electronic economy made possible by information technology allows the haves to increase their control on global markets with destructive impact on the have-nots.
For them the result is instability. Developing countries which rely on the production of a small range of goods for export are made to feel like small pans in the international economic machine. As "futures"(期货) are traded on computer screens, developing countries simply have less and less control of their destinies.
So what are the options for regaining control? One alternative is for developing countries to buy in the latest computers and telecommunications themselves—so-called "development communications" modernization. Yet this leads to long-term dependency and perhaps permanent constraints on developing countries' economies.
Communications technology is generally exported from the U. S., Europe or Japan; the patents, skills and ability to manufacture remain in the hands of a few industrialized countries. It is also expensive, and imported products and services must therefore be bought on credit—credit usually provided by the very countries whose companies stand to gain.
Furthermore, when new technology is introduced there is often too low a level of expertise to exploit it for native development. This means that while local elites, foreign communities and subsidiaries of transnational corporations may benefit, those whose lives depend on access to the information are denied it.
1. From the passage we know that the development of high technology is in the interesls of .
A. the rich countries
B. scientific development
C. the elite
D. the world economy
2. It can be inferred from the passage that .
A. international trade should be expanded
B. the interests of the poor countries have not been given enough consideration
C. the exports of the poor countries should be increased
D. communications technology in the developing countries should be modernized
3. Why does the author say that the electronic economy may have a destructive impact on developing countries?
A. Because it enables the developed countries to control the international market.
B. Because it destroys the economic balance of the poor countries.
C. Because it violates the national boundaries of the poor countries.
D. Because it inhibits the industrial growth of developing countries.
4. The development of modern communications technology in developing countries may .
A. hinder their industrial production
B. cause them to lose control of their trade
C. force them to reduce their share of exports
D. cost them their economic independence
5. The author's attitude toward the communications revolution is
A. positive
B. critical
C. indifferent
D. tolerant
参考答案：A B A D B
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"Welcome to the U. S. A. I Major Credit cards accepted !"
By the millions they are coming—no longer the tired, the poor, the wretched masses longing for a better living. These are the wealthy. "We don't have a budget," says a biologist from Brazil, as she walks with two companions through New York City's South Street. "We just use our credit cards."
The U. S. has long been one of the world's most popular tourist destinations, but this year has been exceptional. First there was the World Cup, which drew thousands from every corner of the globe; then came the weakening of the U.S. dollar against major currencies. Now the U. S., still the world's superpower, can also claim to be the world's bargain basement (廉价商品部) . Nobody undersells America these days on just about everything, from consumer electronics to fashion clothes to tennis rackets. Bottom retail prices— anywhere from 30% to 70% lower than those in Europe and Asia—have attracted some 47 million visitors, who are expected to leave behind $ 79 billion in 1994. That's up from $ 74 billion the year before.
True, not everyone comes just for bargains. There remains an undeniable fascination in the rest of the world with all things American, nourished by Hollywood films and U. S. television series. But shopping the U. S. A. is proving irresistible. Every week thousands arrive with empty suitcases ready to be filled; some even rent an additional hotel room to hold their purchases. The buying binge (无节制) has become as important as watching Old Faithful Fountains erupt in Yellowstone Park or sunbathing on a beach in Florida.
The U.S. has come at last to appreciate what other countries learned long ago: the pouring in of foreign tourists may not always be convenient, but it does put money in the bank. And with a trade deficit at about $130 billion and growing for the past 12 months, the U.S. needs all the deposits it can get. Compared with American tourists abroad, visitors to the U.S. stay longer and spend more money at each stop; an average of 12.2 night and $1624 a traveler versus the Americans' four night and $ 298.
1. From what the Brazilian biologist says, we know that tourists like her .
A. are reluctant to carry cash with them
B. simply don't care how much they spend
C. are not good at planning their expenditure
D. often spend more money than they can afford
2. The reason why 1994 was exceptional is that .
A. it saw an unusually large number of tourists to the U. S.
B. it witnessed a drop in the number of tourists to the U. S.
C. tourism was hardly affected by the weakening of the U.S. dollar that year
D. tourists came to the U.S. for sightseeing rather than for bargains that year
3. By saying "nobody undersells America" (Line 4, Para. 3), the author means that .
A. no other country underestimates the competitiveness of American products
B. nobody expects the Americans to cut the prices of their commodities
C. nobody restrains the selling of American goods
D. no other country sells at a lower price than America
4. Why does the author assert that all American things are fascinating to foreigners?
A. Because they have gained much publicity through the American media.
B. Because they represent the world's latest fashions.
C. Because they embody the most sophisticated technology.
D. Because they are available at all tourist destinations.
5. From the passage we can conclude that the U.S. has come to realize .
A. the weakening if the U.S. dollar can result in trade deficits
B. the lower the retail prices, the greater the profits
C. tourism can make great contributions to its economy
D. visitors to the U.S. are wealthier than U.S. tourists abroad
参考答案：B A D A C
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The way people hold to the belief that a fun filled, painfree life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.
As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment (承担的业务) , self improvement.
Ask a bachelor (单身汉) why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.
Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night's sleep or a three day vacation. I don't know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couple who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.
1. According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because .
A. he is reluctant to take on family responsibilities
B. he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains single
C. he finds more fun in dating than in marriage
D. he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement
2. Raising children, in the author's opinion, is .
A. a moral duty
B. a thankless job
C. a rewarding task
D. a source of inevitable pain
3. From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems from .
A. hatred
B. misunderstanding
C. prejudice
D. ignorance
4. To understand what true happiness is one must .
A. have as much run as possible during one's lifetime
B. make every effort to liberate oneself from pain
C. put up with pain under all circumstances
D. be able to distinguish happiness from fun
5. What is the author trying to tell us?
A. Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain.
B. One must know how to attain happiness.
C. It is important to make commitments.
D. It is pain that leads to happiness.
参考答案：A C B D A
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We all have offensive breath at one time or another. In most cases, offensive breath emanates from bacteria in the mouth, although there are other, more surprising causes.
Until a few years ago, the most doctors could do was to counsel patients with bad breath about oral cleanliness. Now they are finding new ways to treat the usually curable condition.
Bad breath can happen whenever the normal flow of saliva (唾液) slows. Our mouths are full of bacteria feeding on protein in bits of food and shed tissue. The bacteria emit evil-smelling gases, the worst of which is hydrogen sulfide (硫化物) .
Mouth bacteria thrive in airless conditions. Oxygen-rich saliva keeps their numbers down. When we sleep, for example, the saliva stream slows, and sulfur-producing bacteria gain the upper hand, producing classic "morning breath".
Alcohol, hunger, too much talking, breathing through the mouth during exercise— anything that dries the mouth produces bad breath. So can stress, though it's not understood why. Some people's breath turns sour every time they go on a job interview.
Saliva flow gradually slows with age. which explains why the elderly have more bad-breath trouble than younger people do. Babies, however, who make plenty of saliva and whose mouths contain relatively few bacteria have characteristically sweet breath.
For most of us, the simple, dry-mouth variety of bad breath is easily cured. Eating or drinking starts saliva and sweeps away many of the bacteria. Breakfast often stops morning breath.
Those with chronic dry mouth find that it helps to keep gum, hard candy, or a bottle of water or juice around. Brushing the teeth wipes out dry-mouth bad breath because it clears away many of the offending bacteria.
Surprisingly, one thing that rarely works is mouthwash. The liquid can mask bad-breath odor with its own smell, but the effect lasts no more than an hour. Some mouthwashes claim to kill the bacteria responsible for bad breath. The trouble is, they don't necessarily reach all offending germs. Most bacteria are well protected from mouthwash unde, thick layers of mucus (粘液). If the mouthwash contains alcohol—as most do—it can intensify the problem by drying out the mouth.
1. The phrase "emanate from" in Paragraph 1 most probably means .
A. thrive on
B. account for
C. originate from
D. descend from
2. Which of the following is mentioned as one of the causes of bad breath?
A. Tooth trouble.
B. Sulfur-rich food.
C. Too much exercise.
D. Mental strain.
3. According to the passage, alcohol has something to do with bad breath mainly because .
A. it keeps offending bacteria from reproducing
B. its smell adds to bad breath
C. it kills some helpful bacteria
D. it affects the normal flow of saliva
4. Mouthwashes are not an effective cure for bad breath mainly because .
A. they can't mask the bad odor long enough
B. they can't get to all the offending bacteria
C. their strong smell mixes with bad breath and makes it worse
D. they can't cover the thick layers of mucus
5. We can infer from this passage that .
A. offensive breath can't easily be cured
B. elderly people are less offended by bad breath
C. heavy drinkers are less affected by bad breath
D. offensive breath is less affected by alcohol
参考答案：C D D B A
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Not content with its doubtful claim to produce cheap food for our own population, the factory farming industry also argues that "hungry nations are benefiting from advances made by the poultry (家禽) industry". In fact, rather than helping the fight against malnutrition (营养不良) in "hungry nations", the spread of factory farming has, inevi tably aggravated the prohlem.
Large-scale intensive meat and poultry production is a waste of food resources. This is because more protein has to be fed to animals in the form of vegetable matter than can ever be recovered in the form of meat. Much of the food value is lost in the animal's process of digestion and cell replacement. Neither, in the case of chicken, can one eat feathers, blood, feet or head. In all, only about 44% of the live animal fits to be eaten as meat.
This means one has to feed approximately 9—10 times as much food value to the animal than one can consume from the carcass. As a system for feeding the hungry, the effects can prove disastrous. At times of crisis, grain is the food of life.
Nevertheless, the huge increase in poultry production throughout Asia and Africa continues. Normally British or US firms are involved. For instance, an American based multinational company has this year announced its involvement in projects in several African contries. Britain's largest suppliers chickens, Ross Breeders, are also involved in projects all over the world.
Because such trade is good for exports, western governments encourage it. In 1979, a firm in Bangladesh called Phoenix Poultry received a grant to set up a unit of 6,000 chickens and 18,000 laying hens. This almost doubled the number of pouhry kept in the country all at once.
But Bangladesh lacks capital, energy and food and has large numbers of unemployed. Such chicken-raising de mands capital for building and machinery, extensive use of energy resources for automation, and involves feeding chickens with potential famine-relief protein food. At present, one of Bangladesh's main imports is food grains, be cause the country is unable to grow enough food to feed its population. On what then can they possibly feed the chicken?
1. In this passage the author argues that .
A. efficiency must be raised in the poultry industry
B. raising poultry can provide more protein than growing grain
C. factory farming will do more harm than good to developing countries
D. hungry nations may benefit from the development of the poultry industry
2. According to the author, in factory, vegetable food .
A. is easy for chickens to digest
B. is insufficient for the needs of poultry
C. is fully utilized in meat and egg production
D. is inefficiently converted into meat and eggs
3. Western governments encourage the poultry industry in Asia because they regard it as an effective way to .
A. boost their own exports
B. alleviate malnutrition in Asian countries
C. create job opportunities in Asian countries
D. promote the exports of Asian countries
4. The word "carcass" (Line 2, Para. 3 ) most probably means .
A. vegetables preserved for future use
B. the dead body of an animal ready to be cut into meat
C. expensive food that consumers can hardly afford
D. meat canned for future consumption
5. What the last paragraph tells us is the author's .
A. detailed analysis of the ways of raising poultry in Bangladesh
B. great appreciation of the development of poultry industry in Bangladesh
C. critical view on the development of the poultry industry in Bangladesh
D. practical suggestion for the improvement of the poultry industry in Bangladesh
参考答案：C D A B C
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A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin-deep. One's physical assets and liabilities don't count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best.
Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not-so-beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted.
Un-American, you say, unfair and extremely unbelievable? Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties （虔诚） while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group-college students, perhaps, or teachers or corporate personnel managers- a piece of paper relating an individual's accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average-looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted.
Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Salppho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good.
In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making its easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may be less attractive.
1. According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as manager_____.
A. a person's property or debts do not matter much
B. a person's outward appearance is not a critical qualification
C. women should always dress fashionably
D. women should not only be attractive but also high-minded
2. The result of research carried out by social scientists show that .
A. people do not realize the importance of looking one's best
B. women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid well
C. good-looking women aspire to managerial positions
D. attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not
3. Experments by scientists have shown that when people evaluate individuals on certain attributes .
A. they observe the principle that beauty is only skin-deep
B. they do not usually act according to the views they support
C. they give ordinary-looking persons the lowest ratings
D. they tend to base their judgment on the individual's accomplishments
4. "Good looks cut both ways for women" (Line 1, Para. 5) means that .
A. attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public jobs
B. good-looking women always get the best of everything
C. being attractive is not always an advantage for women
D. attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions
5. It can inferred from the passage that in the business world .
A. handsome men are not affected as much by their looks as attractive women are
B. physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do quite well
C. physically attractive men and women who are in the public eye usually get ahmg quite well
D. good looks are important for women as they are for men
参考答案：B D B C C