TXET 1 ：2013年在职工程硕士英语阅读理解练习及答案
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Every artist knows in his heart that he is saying something to the public. Not only does he want so say it well, but he wants it to be something which has not been said before. He hopes the public will listen and understand - he wants to teach them, and he wants them to learn from him. What visual artists like painters want to teach is easy to make out but difficult to explain, because painters translate their experiences into shapes and colors, not words. They seem to feel that a certain selection of shapes and colors, out of the countless billions possible, is exceptionally interesting for them and worth showing to us. Without their work we should never have noticed these particular shapes and colors, or have felt the delight which they brought to the artist. Most artists take their shapes and colors from the world of nature and from human bodies in motion and repose; their choices indicate that these aspects of the world are worth looking at, that they contain beautiful sights. Contemporary artists might say that they merely choose subjects that provide an interesting pattern, that there is nothing more in it. Yet even they do not choose entirely without reference to the character of their subjects. If one painter chooses to paint a gangrenous(生坏疽的) leg and another a lake in moonlight, each of them is directing our attention to a certain aspect of the world. Each painter is telling us something, showing us something, emphasizing something---all of which mean that, consciously or unconsciously, he is trying to teach us.
1. All artists are common in that _____.
[A] they use shapes and colors instead of words
[B] they are trying to teach the public
[C] what they want to teach is difficult to explain
[D] they want to learn from the public
2. A painter chooses certain shapes and colors out of the countless billions possible because he believes they _____.
[A] are beautiful
[B] can bring delight to him
[C] are worth showing to the public
[D] are particular
3. Contemporary artists choose subjects _____.
[A] without reference to the character of their subjects
[B] that only provide an interesting pattern
[C] that there is no meaning in it
[D] partly for the meaning of the subjects
4. Comparing the painter who paints a gangrenous leg with the one who paints a lake in moonlight,we can draw the conclusion that _____.
[A] both convey the same meaning
[B] both show certain aspects of the world
[C] the latter is more meaningful
[D] the former is more meaningful
5. According to the passage,which of the follwoing statements is true?
[A] The public could share the artist's feelings through their choice of shapes and colors.
[B] The painter should not choose to paint ugly things.
[C] Contemporary artists are completely different from other artists.
[D] All artists are teaching the public consciously.
参考答案：B C B B A
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In Switzerland, six miles west of Geneva, lies a collection of laboratories and buildings, and most curious of all, a circular mound of earth more than 650 feet in diameter. This cluster has unique importance. It is Europe's one and only atomic city dedicated to investigating the atom for peaceful purposes. The strange buildings belong to the European Council for Nuclear Research, more popularly known, from its French initials, as CERN. The council was born when a handful of statesman and scientific experts met in Paris in 1950. Their aim was to "establish an organization providing for collaboration among European states in nuclear research of a pure scientific and fundamental character". The CERN agreement was signed in 1953, and work on the atomic city began in 1954. Today CERN's facilities are among the most modern and the most diversified ones in the world. Impressive as the scientific aspect may be, the real significance of CERN may lie with the thousand people---the scientists, lab workers, and administrative crew drawn from the fourteen member nations---who populate it. British engineers work side by side with Swiss electricians, Yugoslav nuclear physicists, and Dutch mathematicians. The official languages are French and English, with German an unofficial third. But CERN is no tower of Babel---the language of science is universal and all embracing.
1. The laboratories and buildings discussed in the passage belong to _____.
[A] a private research organization
[B] Switzerland
[C] the European Council for Nuclear Research
[D] the United Nationa
2. The cluster has unique significance because it is _____.
[A] Europe's only atomic city
[B] a city devoted to nuclear research
[C] a city dedicated to investigating the atom for peaceful purposes
[D] a clearing house for the world's nuclear research
3. CERN's facilities for research are _____.
[A] limited but effective
[B] among the best in the world
[C] rapidly expanding
[D] both a and c
4. The passage says that CERN is not a tower of Babel because _____.
[A] work is the common denominator of all the staff
[B] the language of science is universal
[C] CERN had adopted only two official languages
[D] all the workers are drawn from one country
5. The real significance of CERN may lie in its staff because they _____.
[A] work in international harmony
[B] come from all over the world
[C] are investigating all phases of human conduct
[D] are eliminating the problems of individual rationalism
参考答案：C C B B A
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How men first learnt to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really known is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions, and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds, and which could be written down, these sounds, whether spoken, or written in letters we call words.
The power of words, then, lies in their associations - the things they bring up before our minds, Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases. Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary style(文体). Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and vulgar(粗俗的).
1. Which is true about origin of language?
[A] Men,as well as animals,invented certain sounds to express thoughts.
[B] The origin of language is a complicated question.
[C] Words did not have written form,at first.
[D] Words were invented to represent meanings.
2. The power of words lies in _____.
[A] the fact that it can associate the things in the world with the ideas in our mind
[B] the fact that one word is connected with another
[C] the fact that it can associate one person with another
[D] the fact that it can recall to us the events of our past
3. In order not to make our speech silly and vulgar,we should _____.
[A] use words that can move men to tears
[B] choose words with care and accuracy
[C] become a master of words
[D] use words which sing like music
4. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
[A] The more we read and learn,the larger our vocabulary will be.
[B] The longer we live,the number of words that mean something to us increases.
[C] Words can be used to represent various meanings.
[D] Literary style a usually very charming.
5. The best title for this passage would be _____.
[A] The meaning of words
[B] The characteristics of words
[C] The origin of words
[D] The power of words
参考答案：C A B B D
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There are various way in which individual economic units can interact with one another.Three basic ways may be described as the market system,the administered system,and the traditional system.
In a market system individual economic units are free to interact each other the the marketplace.It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them.In a market,transcations may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy,real goods such as automobiles,shoes,and pizzas are traded against each other.Obviously,finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task.Hence,the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably.In the modern market economy,goods and services are bought or sold for money.
An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions.This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each kind of goods and services should be produced,exchanged,and consumed by each economic unit.Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy.The central plan.drawn up by government,shows amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption.This is an example or complete planning of production,consumption,and exchange for the whole economy.
In a traditional society,production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition:every person's place with--in the economic system is fixed by parentage,religion,and custom.Transactions take place on the basis of tradition,too.People belonging to a certain group of caste may have an obligation to care for other persons,provide them with food and shelter,care for their health,and provide for their education.Clearly,in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone,progress mey be difficult to achieve,a stagnant society may result.
1. What is the main purpose of the passage?
[A] To outline constrasting types of economic system
[B] To explain the science of economics
[C] To argue for the superiority of one economic system
[D] To compare barter and money--exchange markets
2. In the second paragraph,the word "real" in "real goods" could best be replaced by which of the following?
[A] high quality
[B] concrete
[C] utter
[D] authentic
3. According to the passage,a barter economy can lead to _____.
[A] rapid speed of transactions
[B] misunderstandings
[C] inflation
[D] difficultied for the traders
4. According to the passage,who has the greatest degree of control in an administered system?
[A] Individual households
[B] Small businesses
[C] Major corporations
[D] The government
5. Which of the following is not mentioned by the author as a criterion for determining a person's place in a traditional society?
[A] Family background
[B] Age
[C] Religious belief
[D] Custom
参考答案：A B D D B
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In science the meaning of the word "explain" suffers with civilization's every step in search of reality.Science can not really explain electricity,magnetism,and gravition;their effects can be measured and predicted,but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first looked into the nature of the electrification of physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces "really" are. Electricity, Bertrand Russell says,is not a thing,like St.Paul's Cathedral;it is a way in which things behave.When we have told how things behave when thry are electrified,and under what circumstances they are electrified,we have told all there is to tell.Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea.Aristotle,for example,whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years,believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principle.He felt,for example,that it is a self-evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place,hence one can deduce that objects fall to the groud because that's where they belong,and smoke goes up because that's where it belongs.The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen.Modern science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.
1. The aim of controlled scientific experiments is _____.
[A] to explain why things happen
[B] to expalin how things happen
[C] to describe self-evident principles
[D] to support Aristelian science
2. What principles most influenced scientific thought for two thoudsand years?
[A] The speculations of Thales.
[B] The forces of electricity,magnetism and gravity.
[C] Aristotle's natural science.
[D] Galileo's discoveries.
3. Bertrand Russell's notion about electricity is _____.
[A] disapproved of by most modern scientists
[B] in agreement with Aristotle's theory of self-evident principle
[C] in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward "how" things happen
[D] in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward "why" things happen
4. The passage says that until recently scientific _____.
[A] that there are mysterious forces in the universe
[B] that man cannot discover what forces "really" are
[C] that there are self-evident principle
[D] that we can discover why things behave as they do
5. Modern science came into being _____.
[A] when the method of controlled experiment was first introduced
[B] when Galileo succeeded in explaining how things happen
[C] when Aristelian scientists tried to explain why things happen
[D] when scientists were able to acquire an understanding of reality by reasoning
参考答案：B C C B A
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The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps inmaking food more fit to eat,it has,at the same time,made many foods unfit to eat.Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well,especially cancer of the colon.Difficult cultures are some prone to contract certain illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures.That food is related to illness is not a new discovery.In 1945,government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites,commonly used to preserve color in meats,and other food additives,caused cancer.Yet,these carcinogenic additives remain in our food,and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful.The additives which we eat are not all so direct.Farmers often give penicillin to beef and poultry and because of this,penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows.Sometimes similar drugs are administered(given) to animals not for medicinal purposes, but for financial reasons.The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market.Although the Food and Drug Administration has tried repeatedly to control these procedures,the practices continue.
1. How has science done a disservice to manmind?_____.
[A] Because of science,disease caused by contaminated food has been virtually done away with
[B] It has caused a lack of information,concerning the value of food
[C] As a result of scientific intervention,some potentially harmful substances have been added to our food
[D] The scientists have preserved the color of meats,but not of vegetables
2. What are nitrates used for? _____.
[A] They preserve flavor in packaged foods
[B] They preserve the color of meats
[C] They are the objects of research
[D] They cause the animals to become fatter
3. What does FDA mean as an organization? _____.
[A] Food Direct Additives
[B] Final Difficult Analysis
[C] Food and Drug Administration
[D] Federal Dairy Additives
4. The word carcinogenic means most nearly the same as _____.
[A] trouble-making
[B] color-retaining
[C] money-making
[D] cancer-causing
5. Which of the following statements is not true? _____.
[A] Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasons
[B] Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animals
[C] Researchers have known about the potential hazards of food additives for over thirty-five years
[D] Food may cause forty percent of cancer in the world
参考答案：C B C D A