TXET 1 ：2013年在职工程硕士英语阅读理解练习及答案
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What are the specific traits that will assist executives to climb the ladder of success? Opinions vary widely. Given approximately equal qualifications and circumstances, some claim the success factor is largely a matter of luck — being in the right place at the right time. Others speak of an almost crazy devotion to work, combined with a degree of ruthlessness. One "expert" maintains that it's undoubtedly a matter of how much education your mother had.
To make it big, executives must possess four basic skills:
First, drive. Business success takes an unusual amount of energy. A successful executive—almost by definition—is a striver. He will get tense when he is not striving.
Second, people sense. Some say being able to judge people is more important than a high IQ. The skill can be instinctual(本能的), but in most cases it is painstakingly learned.
Third, communications ability. Different executives make themselves understood in different ways. Some transmit ideas best face to face; others are masters of the telephone call; still others are persuasive writers. One way or another, they all communicate clearly.
Fourth, calm under pressure. No businessman will get very far if he chokes up.
1. Some people claim that besides hard work,the success also requires _____.
[A] equal qualifications
[B] specific traits
[C] much education
[D] a degree of cruelty
2. According to the passage,a high IQ is _____.
[A] instinctual
[B] painstakingly learnt
[C] inborn
[D] more trivial than people sense
3. The successful executives must _____.
[A] transmit ideas face to face
[B] depend on telephones
[C] be persuasive writers
[D] express themselves distinctly
4. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
[A] Every businessman possesses these four skills.
[B] When a triver stops his devotion to work,he will feel quite at ease.
[C] These basic skills are not instinctual at all.
[D] Mother's education has undoubted effect on her child's success.
5. What's the main idea of the passage?
[A] Four skills for successful executives.
[B] Some opinions about the success.
[C] Specific traits for successful executives.
[D] Qualifications and circumstances for climbing the ladder.
参考答案：D D D D C
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It is plain that in the year 2000 everyone will have at his elbow several times more mechanical energy than he has today.
There will be advances in biological knowledge as far-reaching as those that have been made in physics. We are only beginning to learn that we can control our biological environment as well as our physical one. Starvation has been predicted twice to a growing world population: by Malthus in about 1800, by Crookes in about 1900. It was headed off the first time by taking agriculture to America and the second time by using the new fertilizers. In the year 2000, starvation will be headed off by the control of the diseases and the heredity(遗传) of plants and animals—by shaping our own biological environment.
Now I come back to the haunting theme of automation. The most common species in the factory today is the man who works or minds a simple machine—the operator. By the year 2000, the repetitive tasks of industry will be taken over by the machines, as the heavy tasks were taken over long ago; and the mental tedium will go the way of physical exhaustion. Today we still distinguish, even among repetitive jobs, between the skilled and the unskilled; but in the year 2000 all repetition will be unskilled. We simply waste our time if we oppose this change; it is as inevitable as the year 2000 itself.
1. The article was written to _____.
[A] warn us of the impending starvation
[B] present facts about life in the near future
[C] oppose biological advances
[D] warn of the evil side of automation
2. Advances in biological knowledge were _____.
[A] kept pace with advances in physics
[B] been responsible for the invention of new machines
[C] surpassed those in physics
[D] lagged behind those in physics
3. According to the passage,starvation _____.
[A] can be predicted
[B] is unavoidable
[C] can be prevented
[D] is mainly caused by poor agriculture
4. Repetitive tasks in industry lead to _____.
[A] physical exhaustion
[B] mental stimulation
[C] mental exhaustion
[D] extinction
5. If the predictions of this writer are realized,the demand for the unskilled workers in the twenty-first century will be _____.
[A] very high
[B] very low
[C] the same as today
[D] constantly rising
参考答案：B D C C B
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In these days of technological triumphs, it is well to remind ourselves from time to time that living mechanisms are often incomparably more efficient than their artificial imitations. There is no better illustration of this idea than the sonar system of bats. Ounce for ounce and watt for watt, it is billions of times more efficient and more sensitive than the radars and sonars designed by man. Of course, the bats have had some 50 million years of evolution to refine their sonar. Their physiological mechanisms for echo location, based on all this accumulated experience, therefore merit our thorough study and analysis. To appreciate the precision of the bats' echo location, we must first consider The degree of their reliance upon it. Thanks to sonar, an insect-eating bat can get along perfectly well without eyesight. This was brilliantly demonstrated by an experiment performed in the late eighteenth century by the Italian naturalist Lazure Spallanzani. He caught some bats in a bell tower, blinded them, and released them outdoors. Four of these blind bats were recaptured after they had found their way back to the bell tower, and on examining their stomachs' contents, Spallanzani found that they had been able to capture and fill themselves with flying insects. We know from experiments that bats easily find insects in the dark of night, even when the insects emit no sound that can be heard by human ears. A bat will catch hundreds of soft-bodied, silent-flying moths in a single hour. It will even detect and chase pebbles tossed into the air.
1. The passage is mainly about _____.
[A] living mechanisms and their artificial imitations
[B] the remarkable sonar system of bats
[C] the deficiencies of man-made sonars
[D] the experiment of "blind-bats"
2. Where of the following statements is true?
[A] Living mechanisms are always more efficient than their artificial imitations.
[B] Bats rely on their sonar system as well as eyesight to eat insects.
[C] The sonar system of bats has had 50 million years to be refined.
[D] People have discovered the bats' sonar system thousands of years age.
3. Lazzoro Spallanzani demonstrated that a bat can get along well without eyesight through _____.
[A] He caught soem bats and blinded them and released them.
[B] Four of these blind bats found their way back.
[C] He recaptured the four returned bats.
[D] The stomachs' of the blind bats found to be fill with flying insects.
4. Bats find insects in the dark of night with the help of _____.
[A] echoes
[B] eyesight
[C] sound waves
[D] none ofthe above
5 Implied but not stated _____.
[A] Pebbles tossed into the air make no sound that can be heard by human ears
[B] A bat will catch hundreds of months in a single hour
[C] Insect-eating bats are totally blind
[D] The sonar system of bats is as good as man-made sonar
参考答案：B C D D A
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The kind of music, song, and dance a people generates, with its characteristic rhythm and beat, forms one of the best indexes of its cultural style, and in America, the dominant musical styles are blues, swing and jazz. The lyrics to this music are often foolishly sentimental and sometimes non-sensical, but frequently they embody a wild and earthy humor, or a sad and tragic strain. As distinguished from most American popular tunes, American hot music is not written to be danced to. Yet there is an internal beat in jazz which relates deeply to dance: the movements of the body interpret the music's intent better than words can. When there is dancing, however, the dances break away from a formal pattern and, at their bat, keep with the improvisation (即兴) of the music. Unlike earlier American folk dances, which are collective, so-called ballroom dancing is performed by couples. Each couple is comparatively alone, not being well enough acquainted with the other couples on the dance floor to join them. But, in the swing dancing, as the music mounts the partners separate to execute complicated solo variations and then rejoin each other. As the music approaches one of its climaxes, the dancers pay the musicians the tribute(赞美) of gathering around to cheer them on. In popular dance and music, Americans come closer to reaching a native idiom of religious feeling than they do in any other aspect of their lives.
1. The main idea of the passage is that _____.
[A] popular dance and music are an important aspect of American life
[B] the American hot music is different from most American popular tunes
[C] modern dancing is different from earlier American folk dances
[D] all of the above
2. The difference between American hot music and most American popular tunes is that _____.
[A] the lyrics to hot music are nonsensical
[B] most American popular tunes are written to be danced to
[C] there is not internal beat in hot music
[D] hot music can not be interpreted by dance
3. According to the passage,the swing dancing _____.
[A] collective
[B] performed by couples
[C] individual improvising
[D] gathering around the musician
4. Which is the relationship between jazz and dance?
[A] Both the music and the dance have formal pattern.
[B] The dances always keep the music to interpret it.
[C] Jazz has nothing to do with dance.
[D] Jazz can be interpreted by dance,though not so well as by words.
5. In the swing dancing,the musicians _____.
[A] cheer the dancers on
[B] gather around the dancers
[C] execute complicated variations
[D] were gathered around by the dancers
参考答案：A B C D B
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There were several reasons why the Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain rather than in France, the other great powers of the day. In the first place, Britain had the money necessary to finance the larger enterprises. England's supremacy on the seas had encouraged commerce, and Englishmen had been amassing wealth through there commerce and industry. The newly rich class in that country were not the aristocratic group, but merchants and businessmen who were willing to devote themselves to industry and scientific agriculture. The wealth of France, on the other hand, was largely in the hands of the nobility, and they were not willing to do the necessary work to develop industry. In the second place, Great Britain had undertaken very early the manufacturing of inexpensive and more practical products for which there would be ever-growing demand from the people, especially the new middle class. On the other hard, France produced articles in the luxury class. These could never be turned out in quantities because they demanded individuality. England was the producer of goods that were produced in quantities, and if she could find a cheaper means of producing them, her markets would grow. So she was ready for methods that would make it possible to manufacture in large quantities. In the third place, for a long time England had large numbers of semiskilled workers. When the feudal system broke down in England and the manors were turned to sheep raising, numbers of Englishmen went to the towns. There they engaged in weaving, making shows, wood carving and many other occupations that developed skills. When the industrial revolution began, these men were available for the work on the new machines. Moreover they were free men who could move from place to place as the need for workers arose. This had not been the case in France, which was still chiefly an agricultural country with peasants bound to their masters in many ways so they could not easily move to the cities. In the fourth place, coal was abundant in Great Britain, and a large amount of this cheap fuel was necessary for ruing the factories. There was coal in northern France, too, but France was late in tapping such resources because really everyone depended directly or indirectly on farming for his living.
1. Britain had the money necessary to develop industry because _____.
[A] Britain was much wealthier than France at that time
[B] Britain government encouraged the development of industry
[C] The merchants and businessmen were willing to fiancee the industry
[D] The aristocratic group was willing to develop the industry
2. According to the passage, French people attached importance to _____.
[A] the quantities of the articles
[B] the individuality of the articles
[C] the practicality of the articles
[D] the price of the articles
3. Which of the following statements is true?
[A] The wealth of France was largely in the hands of new middle class.
[B] French people were bound to the new machines.
[C] France was more likely to produce goods in qualities.
[D] France could not get free workers necessary to the industry.
4. When the industrial revolution began, Englishmen _____.
[A] were busy amassing wealth through commerce and industry
[B] had found a cheaper means of producing goods needed in qualities
[C] depended on farming for their living
[D] could move from plae to place as the need for workers arose
5. What can be inferred from the passage?
[A] The demand for luxury goods was limited.
[B] Industrial Revolution was the result of the interaction of various factors.
[C] French people farming to industry and commerce.
[D] Coal was very important to people's life.
参考答案：C B D D B
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The heritage of English law brought with it the seeds of American liberty-not the flower and the fruit, which were to be produced after long labor and painful struggle. Nevertheless, the seeds were there and they sprouted, took root and have continued to grow. To this extent, the inheritance was valuable, but it is not to be denied that even though English law gave us the seeds of liberty, it also imposed upon us a vast amount of useless lumber that we have not swept away entirely --- after three hundred years of unceasing effort. Even the system of trial by jury, in spite of its enormous value, came to us with burdensome, outworn ideas and unnecessary precautions, on the one hand, and with no adequate means of adaptation to changing conditions, on the other. For one thing, in the early days it was assumed that ignorance of the facts was a guarantee of a juror's impartiality. At that time, when means of communication were few and slow, there was something to be said for the idea; but today, when means of communication were abundant and almost instantaneous, ignorance of the facts is evidence, not of impartiality, but of extraordinary stupidity, or of extraordinary indifference. The rule that a juror must be ignorant of the facts is, therefore, a rule that operates against, not for the effort to fill the jury box with honest men of ordinary intelligence. It has become so hopeless, indeed, that the courts literally ceased long ago trying to enforce it. It is, nevertheless, still a theoretical part of the system.
1 The passage is main about _____.
[A] the seeds of American literty
[B] the system of trial by jury
[C] a theoretical weakness of the jury system
[D] the changing conditions in the jury system
2. The inheritance of English law brought with it _____.
[A] the seeds of American literty
[B] the flower and fruit of American literty
[C] some ideas and precautions which were useless
[D] both A and C
3. The assumption that ignorance of the facts was a guarantee of a juror's impartiality _____.
[A] was reasonable neither in the past nor at present
[B] was extraordinary stupid or indifferent
[C] is not valid under the changing conditions
[D] has been proved reasonable
4. The rule that a juror must be ignorant of the facts is _____.
[A] no longer a theoretical part of the system
[B] no longer strictly enforced
[C] against the theoretical basis
[D] still strictly enfore
5. Which of the following statements is true?
[A] The rules of the trial system should be more flexible to adapt to the changing conditions.
[B] The members of the jury should be of extraordinary intelligance.
[C] Ignorance of the facts on the part of a juror today is evidence of impartiality.
[D] When means of communication had proved abundant,there was nothing to be said for the idea.
参考答案：C D C B A