2012年9月公共英语等级考试四级模拟试题及答案
21.[A]keep[B]feel to]put[D]remain
22.[A]and[B]so[C]hut[D]therefore
23.[A]if[B]that[C]whether[D]until
24.[A]task[B]achievement [D]success[D]decision
25.[A]without[B]with[C]by[D]to
26.[A]seriously[B]ultimately[C]frequently[D]actively
27.[A]absorbs[B]sinks[C]acquaints[D3surrounds
28.[A]on[B]above[C]at[D]with
29.[A]when[B]how[C]why[D]whether
30.[A]refuses[B]denies[C]invites[D]accepts
31.[A]his[B]her[C]our[D]their
32.[A]experiencing[B]following[C]performing[D]going
33.[A]as[B]for[C]as if[D]about
34.[A]why[B]when[C]how[D]where
35.[A]order[B]make[C]expect[D]hope
36.[A]He[B]This[C]That[D]It
37.[A]criticize[B]complain[C]talk[D]discuss
38.[A]express[B]speak[C]ease[D]create
39.[A]whenever[B]though[C]if[D]unless
40.[A]other[B]another[C]the other[D]others
2012年9月公共英语等级考试四级模拟预测卷及答案。
Section IIIReading Comprehension
(60 minutes)
Part A
Directions：
Read thefollowing four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A]，[B]，[C]or[D].
Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l.
Text l
No man has been more harshly judged than Machiavelli，especially in the two centuries following his death.But he has since found many able champions and the tide has turned.The Prince has been termed a manual for tyrants，the effect of which has been most harmful.But were Machiavelli’s doctrines really new? Did he discover them?He merely had the frankness and courage to write down what everybody was thinking and what everybody knew.He merely gives us the impressions he had received from a long and intimate inter— course with princes and the affairs of state.It was Lord Bacon who said that Machiavelli tells us what princes如。not what they ought to d0.When Machiavelli takes Caesar Borgia as a model，he does not praise him as a hero at all，but merely as a prince who was capable of attaining the end in view.The life of the state was the primary object.It must be maintained.And Machiavelli has laid down the principles，based upon his study andwide experience，by which this may be accomplished.He wrote from the viewpoint of the politician—— not llot of the moralist.What is good politics may be bad morals，and in fact，by a strange fatality，where morals and politics clash，the latter generally gets the upper hand.And will anyone contend that the principles set brth by Machiavelli in his Prince or his Discourses have entirely perished from the earth?Has diplomacy been entirely stripped of fraud and duplicity?Let anyone read the famous eighteenth chapter of the Prince：“In what Manner Princes should Keep their Faith.”and he will be convinced that what was true nearly four hundred years ago，is quite as true today.
Of the remaining works of Machiavelli the most important is the History of Florence written between1521 and l525，and dedicated to ClementⅦ.This book is merely a rapid review of the Middle Ages，and as part of it the history of Florence.Machiavelli’s method has been criticized for adhering at times too closely to the chroniclers of his time，and at others rejecting their testimony without apparent reason，while in its details the authority of his History is often questionable.It is the straightforward，logical narrative，which always holds the interest of the reader。that is the greatest charm of the History.
41.It can be inferred from the beginning of the text that__________.
[A]many people used to think highly of Machiavelli
[B]Machiavelli had been very influential among the rulers
[C]Machiavelli was widely read among his contemporaries
[D]Machiavelli has been a target of criticism throughout history
42.Lord Bacon’s remarks on Machiavelli is quoted as__________.
[A]a support for the author’s viewpoint
[B]one of the mainstream views on him
[C]a judgment in support of most critics
[D]a modification of the author’s previous stand
43.In the case of Caesar Borgia，the author holds that__________.
rA]Machiavelli has been objective
[B]Machiavelli revealed his personality
[C]Caesar Borgia was a deserved model
[D]Machiavelli overvalued Caesar Borgia
44.According to the author，a politician’s morality__________.
[A]is no match for his political ambition
[B]has been undIervalued by Machiavelli and his likes
[C]is usually of secondary importance
[D]should be taken as a yardstick of his capability
45.The author’s opinion on Machiavelli’s History of Florence is that
[A]history has much to do with the person who records it
[B]the charm lies in the style rather than in the content
[C]most people failed to read Machiavelli’s intention in it
[D]any history of this kind should be written in this way
Text 2
There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specializatiorL You find these careers in engineering，in production，in statistical work，and in teaching.But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in a great area at a glance，people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field.There is，in other words，a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees，of making general judgraents.We can call these people“generalists”.And they are particularly needed for positions in administration，where it is their job to see that other people do their work，where they have to plan for other people，to organize other people’s work，to begin it and judge it.
The specialist understands one field;his concern is with technique and tools.He is a“trained”man;and his edueational background is properly technical or professional.The generalists and especially theadministrators deal with people;his concern is with leadership，with planning，and with direction giving.He is an“educated”man;and the humanities are his strongest foundation.Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator.And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in a particular field.Any organization needs both kinds of people，though different organizations need them in different proportions.It is your task to find out，during your training period，into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit，and to plan your career accordingly.
Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you but this is pure accident.Certainly you should not change iobs constantly or people wiU become suspicious of your ability to hold any job.At the same time，you must not look upon the first job as the final job.It is primarily a training job，a chance to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.
46.There is all increasing demand for__________.
[A]all round people in their own fields
[B]generalists who are capable of making general judgments
[C]people whose educational background is either technical or professional
[D3specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others
47.The specialist is__________.
[A]a man whose job is to train other people
[B]a man who has been trained in more than one field
[C]a man who can see the forest rather than the trees
[D]a man whose concern is mainly with technique and tools
48.The administrator is__________.
[A]a“trained”man who is more a specialist than a generalist
[B]a man who sees the trees as well as the forest
[C]a man who is very strong in the humanities
[D]a man who is an“educated”specialist
49.During your training period，it is important__________
[A]to try to be a generalist
[B]to choose a profitable job
[C]to find an organization which fits you
[D]to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist
50.A man’s first job__________.
[A]is never the right job for him
[B3should not be regarded as his final job
[C]should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any job
[D]is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final job
2012年9月公共英语等级考试四级模拟预测卷及答案。
Text 3
On Tuesday August llth，1911，a young artist，Louis Beraud，arrived at the Louvre in Paris to complete a painting of the Salon Carre.This was the room where the world’s most famous painting，the Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci，was on display.To his surprise there was an empty space where the painting should have been.At ll 0’clock the museum authorities realized that the painting had been stolen.The next day headlines all over the world announced the theft.
Actually the Leonardo had been gone for more than twenty-four hours before anyone noticed it was missing.The museum was always closed on Mondays for maintenance.Just before closing time on Sunday three men had entered the museum，where they had hidden themselves in a storeroom.The actual theft was quick and simple.Early the next morning Perrugia removed the painting from the wall while the others kept watch.Then they went out a back exit.
Nothing was seen or heard of the painting for two years when Perrugia tried to sell it to a dealer for half a million lire.Perrugia was arrested on December l3th.Perrugia claimed he had stolen it as an act of Datriotism，because，he said，the painting had been looted from the Italian nation by Napoleon.Perrugia was imprisoned for 7 months.It seemed that the crime of the century had been solved.
But had it?Perrugia was keen to claim all responsibility for the theft，and it was twenty years before the whole storv came out.In fact Perrugia had been working for two master criminals，Valfierno and Chaudron， who went unpunished for their crime.They would offer to steal a famous painting from a gallery for a crooked dealer or an unscrupulous private collector.They would then make a copy of the picture and，with the help of bribed gallery attendants，tape the copy to the back of the original painting.The dealer would then be taken to the gallerv and would be invited to make a secret mark on the back of the painting.Of course the dealer would actually be marking the copy.Valfierno would later produce forged newspaper cuttings announcing the theft of the original，and then produce the copy，complete with secret marking.If the dealer were to see the painting still in the gallery，he would be persuaded that it was a copy，and that he possessed the genuine one.
Chaudron then painted not one，but six copies of the Mona Lisa，using 400一year-old wood panels from antique Italian furniture.The forgeries were carefully aged，so that the varnish was cracked and dirty. Valfierno commissioned Perrugia to steal the original，and told him to hide it until Valfierno contacted him. Perrugia waited in vain in a tiny room in Paris with the painting，but heard nothing from his partners in crime.They had gone to New York，where the six copies were already in store.They had sent them there before the original was stolen.At that time it was quite common for artists to copy old masters，which would be sold quite honestly as imitations，so there had been no problems with US Customs.Valfierno went on to sell all six copies for$300000 each.Valfiern0.told the story to a journalist in l914，on condition that it would not be published until his death.
Does the story end there?Collectors have claimed that Perrugia returned a copy.It is also possible that Leonardo may have painted several versions of the Mona Lisa，or they might be copies made by Leonardo’s pupils.There has been a lot of controversy and argument about the 450一year-old painting，but after all，maybe that’s what She’s smiling about.
51.The painting was probably stolen__________.
[A]on the morning of August llth，1911
[B]on the afternoon of August llth，1911
[C]on August lOth，1911
[D]on August 9th，1911
52.It was __________that Perrugia was arrested.
[A]only when Louis Beraud arrived at the Louvre
[B] after the theft as announced all over the world
[C]after Valfierno had contacted hkn
[D]about two years later
53.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
[A]Perrugia stole the painting for the sake of his country.
[B]The painting was once taken away by Napoleon.
[C]All the criminals who had stolen the painting were put into prison.
[D]It was reported soon on the newspaper that the original painting had been found.
54.The forgeries were produced by the following methods EXCEPT__________.
[A]making the copy as old as the original one
[B]using very old wood panels
[C]making the copy appear cracked and dirty
[D]signing the date on the back of the original painting
55.It is implied in the passage that__________.
[A]the original painting is still on display at the Louvre
[B]the original painting is now in the United States
[C]the original painting has been destroyed
[D]no one could possibly tell which is the original painting
2012年9月公共英语等级考试四级模拟预测卷及答案。
Text 4
piecemeal.
56.“The British trial systern is more like a game than a serious attempt to do justice”(Lines 2～3， Paragraph l)implies that__________.
[A]the British legal system can do the basic job well__________convicting the guilty and acquitting the irmocent
[B]the British legal system is worse than the continental legal system
[C]the British legal system is often considered to he not very fair
[D]the British legal system is very efficient
57.Which of the following sentences is NOT true?
[A]Oral evidence was unnecessary in France because the judges and prosecutors could read.
[B]When trial by ordeal was finally abandoned throughout Europe，trial by jury Was introduced in Britain.
[C]In the adversarial system，it is the lawyers who play the leading roles.
[D]Lawyers in Britain are prepared to lie in order to win their cases.
58.In Britain，newspapers__________.
[A]do the same as American newspapers do
[B]are not interested in publishing details about the trial before it takes place
[C]are not allowed to publish details about the trial before it takes place
[D]are allowed to publish details about the trial before it takes place
59.We can infer that American lawyers__________.
[A]do not attempt to familiarize themselves with cases
[B]prepare the CaSes themselves
[C]tend to he more passionately involved in their CaSeS
[D]tend to approach CaSes dispassionately
60.The passage__________.
[A]questions whether the system of trial by jury earl ever he completely efficient
[B]suggests a number of reforms which should he made to the legal systems of various countries
[C]describes how the British legal system works and compares it favourably with other systems
[D]compares the legal systems of a numher of countries and discusses their advantages and disadvantages
Part B
piecemeal.
56.“The British trial systern is more like a game than a serious attempt to do justice”(Lines 2～3， Paragraph l)implies that__________.
[A]the British legal system can do the basic job well__________convicting the guilty and acquitting the irmocent
[B]the British legal system is worse than the continental legal system
[C]the British legal system is often considered to he not very fair
[D]the British legal system is very efficient
57.Which of the following sentences is NOT true?
[A]Oral evidence was unnecessary in France because the judges and prosecutors could read.
[B]When trial by ordeal was finally abandoned throughout Europe，trial by jury Was introduced in Britain.
[C]In the adversarial system，it is the lawyers who play the leading roles.
[D]Lawyers in Britain are prepared to lie in order to win their cases.
58.In Britain，newspapers__________.
[A]do the same as American newspapers do
[B]are not interested in publishing details about the trial before it takes place
[C]are not allowed to publish details about the trial before it takes place
[D]are allowed to publish details about the trial before it takes place
59.We can infer that American lawyers__________.
[A]do not attempt to familiarize themselves with cases
[B]prepare the CaSes themselves
[C]tend to he more passionately involved in their CaSeS
[D]tend to approach CaSes dispassionately
60.The passage__________.
[A]questions whether the system of trial by jury earl ever he completely efficient
[B]suggests a number of reforms which should he made to the legal systems of various countries
[C]describes how the British legal system works and compares it favourably with other systems
[D]compares the legal systems of a numher of countries and discusses their advantages and disadvantages
Part B
Section IV Writing
(35 nlinutes)
66.Some people prefer to plan activities for their free time very carefully.Others choose not to ItA2ke any plan at all for their free time.Thgve isdiscussion in the local newspaper on this issue：Which do you prefer— planning or not planning for your leisure time?Write an essay for the same newspaper to
(1)cornpare the benefits of planning free time activities with the benefits of not making plans.
(2)state fir ozon choice，and
(3)give rgaso?ls for your choice.
In fir essay，you should use specific reaso’n3 and examples to support your choice.
You should write l60～200 words On ANSl4ER SHEET 2.
Section II Use of English
21.[A]。考查动词固定搭配。keep(…)in touch with是固定搭配，指“获得某方面的最新信息或者知
识”，与破折号后的补充说明相互对应。其余三个动词都不用在这一搭配中。
22.[C]。考查上下文关系。空格前they delegate(他们授权)与空格后they also follow up to…(他们也采取后续措施……)是相互对立的两种管理方式，因此前后是转折关系，选but。
23.[B]。考查搭配。make certain(确保)后跟宾语从句时，从句连接词用that。[A]、Ec]两项引出的是
不确定的结果，与句意逻辑矛盾。
24.[D]。考查名词与上下文理解。task任务;achievement成就;success成功;decision决定。由上下文
文意、常识及修饰词major(重大的)可知这里指做出重大决定，因此选[D]。
25.[A]。考查介词与上下文理解。由常识可知，一般都是由企业负责人(president)来做出重大决定，因此这里要用否定介词without来构成双重否定表达肯定意思才合逻辑。注意knowledge在此指“知道”。
26.[B]。考查副词辨义。seriously严肃地，严重地;ultimately最终，最后;frequently经常，频繁地; actively积极地，活跃地。句意指负责人或者CE0最终对公司的成败负责，因此选[B]。
27.[D]。考查动词搭配与上下文理解。absorb吸收，吸引(它不与sb.with连用，其后多跟in);sink沉没，下降，恶化(其后应跟 in/into);acquaint oneself with sth.了解或认识某事物，得知某事;surround oneself with与…在一起，与…为伍。由句意与常识可知应选[D]。
28.[C]。考查介词搭配。空格前一分句中已经出现at…levels(在…的水平或级别上)这一固定搭配，
所以此处也应用at。
29.[A]。考查从句连接词。由句子结构可知空格后的部分是前面主句的状语从句，应填入的连接词在
从句中也作状语，且表达的是时间，故选连接副词when。
30.[C]。考查动词辨义与上下文理解。由后面的an open atmosphere(种开明的氛围)可知[A]、[B]两个含有否定义的动词都不能填入。accept指“接纳，接受”，它不用input(意见)作宾语。invite在此指“主动要求(别人提出意见等)”。
31.[D]。考查指代一致。从句主语是all，指前文所说的his executives and supervisors，且由句意及动词 share(分享)可知这里并非指将CE0一个人的观点拿出来分享，故选与all对应的代词their。
32.[B]。考查动词辨义与搭配。experience经历，体验;follow跟随，按照;perf01Trl表现，完成;go走，去。能与practice(惯例，习惯做法，实践)搭配的动词是follow。
33.[C]。考查固定搭配与上下文理解。由上下文文意可知这里应用feel as if这一固定搭配，指“觉得似
乎…”。其余三项中只有[D]与feel连用，但其后不能跟句子。
34.[A]。考查上下文理解。why引出原因，when引出时间，how引出方式，where引出地点。由空格前的动词understand(理解)及后面一句的意思可知，只有理解了决定的原因才有可能支持，因此选[A]。
35.[C]。考查动词辨义与搭配。order命令make使，制造;expect期望，期待;hope希望。[A]、[B]两
项明显不合文意;而hope后不跟不定式的复合结构，因此本题只能选[C]。
36.[D]。考查代词与常用表达。由句子结构不难看出这里是“It be for sb.to do sth.”的常用表达，其中it为形式主语，真正主语是不定式。
37.[B]。考查动词搭配。criticize批评(是及物动词);complain about抱怨，指责;talk about谈论; discuss讨论(是及物动词)。由于空格前有否定含义的poor practice，因此选含否定义的[B]。
38.[A]。考查动词辨义。express表达;speak说(用语言作宾语);ease改善，减轻，放松;create创造，引起。由句意可知这里指表达不同意见，因此选[A]。
39.[D]。考查上下文关系。由上下文不难看出，这里指美国人只有在某一决定涉及非法活动时公司的管理人员才会反对负责人，即空格后是一种让步情形，因此选表让步的连词unless。
40.[B]。考查限定词。other指“其余的”，后跟可数名词复数形式;another指“另一(个/种)”，其后跟可数名词单数，符合题意;the other特指两者中的“另一(个)”;0thers指“其余的”，其后不再跟名词。
Section II Use of English
21.[A]。考查动词固定搭配。keep(…)in touch with是固定搭配，指“获得某方面的最新信息或者知
识”，与破折号后的补充说明相互对应。其余三个动词都不用在这一搭配中。
22.[C]。考查上下文关系。空格前they delegate(他们授权)与空格后they also follow up to…(他们也采取后续措施……)是相互对立的两种管理方式，因此前后是转折关系，选but。
23.[B]。考查搭配。make certain(确保)后跟宾语从句时，从句连接词用that。[A]、Ec]两项引出的是
不确定的结果，与句意逻辑矛盾。
24.[D]。考查名词与上下文理解。task任务;achievement成就;success成功;decision决定。由上下文
文意、常识及修饰词major(重大的)可知这里指做出重大决定，因此选[D]。
25.[A]。考查介词与上下文理解。由常识可知，一般都是由企业负责人(president)来做出重大决定，因此这里要用否定介词without来构成双重否定表达肯定意思才合逻辑。注意knowledge在此指“知道”。
26.[B]。考查副词辨义。seriously严肃地，严重地;ultimately最终，最后;frequently经常，频繁地; actively积极地，活跃地。句意指负责人或者CE0最终对公司的成败负责，因此选[B]。
27.[D]。考查动词搭配与上下文理解。absorb吸收，吸引(它不与sb.with连用，其后多跟in);sink沉没，下降，恶化(其后应跟 in/into);acquaint oneself with sth.了解或认识某事物，得知某事;surround oneself with与…在一起，与…为伍。由句意与常识可知应选[D]。
28.[C]。考查介词搭配。空格前一分句中已经出现at…levels(在…的水平或级别上)这一固定搭配，
所以此处也应用at。
29.[A]。考查从句连接词。由句子结构可知空格后的部分是前面主句的状语从句，应填入的连接词在
从句中也作状语，且表达的是时间，故选连接副词when。
30.[C]。考查动词辨义与上下文理解。由后面的an open atmosphere(种开明的氛围)可知[A]、[B]两个含有否定义的动词都不能填入。accept指“接纳，接受”，它不用input(意见)作宾语。invite在此指“主动要求(别人提出意见等)”。
31.[D]。考查指代一致。从句主语是all，指前文所说的his executives and supervisors，且由句意及动词 share(分享)可知这里并非指将CE0一个人的观点拿出来分享，故选与all对应的代词their。
32.[B]。考查动词辨义与搭配。experience经历，体验;follow跟随，按照;perf01Trl表现，完成;go走，去。能与practice(惯例，习惯做法，实践)搭配的动词是follow。
33.[C]。考查固定搭配与上下文理解。由上下文文意可知这里应用feel as if这一固定搭配，指“觉得似
乎…”。其余三项中只有[D]与feel连用，但其后不能跟句子。
34.[A]。考查上下文理解。why引出原因，when引出时间，how引出方式，where引出地点。由空格前的动词understand(理解)及后面一句的意思可知，只有理解了决定的原因才有可能支持，因此选[A]。
35.[C]。考查动词辨义与搭配。order命令make使，制造;expect期望，期待;hope希望。[A]、[B]两
项明显不合文意;而hope后不跟不定式的复合结构，因此本题只能选[C]。
36.[D]。考查代词与常用表达。由句子结构不难看出这里是“It be for sb.to do sth.”的常用表达，其中it为形式主语，真正主语是不定式。
37.[B]。考查动词搭配。criticize批评(是及物动词);complain about抱怨，指责;talk about谈论; discuss讨论(是及物动词)。由于空格前有否定含义的poor practice，因此选含否定义的[B]。
38.[A]。考查动词辨义。express表达;speak说(用语言作宾语);ease改善，减轻，放松;create创造，引起。由句意可知这里指表达不同意见，因此选[A]。
39.[D]。考查上下文关系。由上下文不难看出，这里指美国人只有在某一决定涉及非法活动时公司的管理人员才会反对负责人，即空格后是一种让步情形，因此选表让步的连词unless。
40.[B]。考查限定词。other指“其余的”，后跟可数名词复数形式;another指“另一(个/种)”，其后跟可数名词单数，符合题意;the other特指两者中的“另一(个)”;0thers指“其余的”，其后不再跟名词。
2012年9月公共英语等级考试四级模拟预测卷及答案。
Section III Reading Comprehension
Part A
Text l
41. [D]。分析推理题。短文一开始就指出：No man has been more harshly judged than Machiavelli(没有人比Machiavelli所受的批判更严厉)，反过来理解，就是Machiavelli一直受着最为严厉的批判，与此义相符的就是[D]项，其中的criticism对应于句中的harshlyjudged。答题的关键在于对这句话的理解，因此本题也可归人词句理解题。其余三项都与原文不符。Machiavelli，即尼克尔·马基雅维利(1469—1527)，意大利政治理论家，他的著作《君主论》(即短文中的 Prince，1513年)阐述了一个意志坚定的统治者不顾道德观念的约束，如何获得并保持其权力。
42.[A]。分析推理题。作者在说明Machiavelli一直受到严厉批判后指出：But he has since…the tide has turned(但他此后见证了许多有能力的斗士，潮流也已逆转)，接着说《君主论》成了暴君的指南，后果极其有害。然后，作者提出了两个问题，并进行了回答，提出了自己的观点：Machiavelli的观点并非独创，他只是将自己的印象记录下来，只是敢于将大家都知道的东西写下来而已。接着作者用一个强调句型，引用Lord Bacon的话，说明Machiavelli只是告诉人们君主所做的事情，而非君主应当如何去做。很明显，后者的意思与前面作者的观点是一致的，因此作者引用的目的当然就是为了支持自己的观点，即答案是[A]。其余三项都不合作者的行文逻辑。
43.[A]。分析推理题。在第一段中间，作者举了CaesarBorgia的例子，说明：he does not praise him as a hero at all，but merely as a prince…，根据hero(英雄)和prince(君主)之间的区别(前者是主观看法，后者则是客观事实)以及后文的补充说明可知，在作者的心目中，Machiavelli是客观记述而不是主观判断，因此[A]是正确的。至于其他三项，[B]中的personality(性格)在文中没有体现， [C]属于抓住model一词进行的发挥，而[D]中的0vervalued(高估，过分重视)也语出无据。
44.[C]。细节题。对应的信息位于第一段倒数第四句：what is good politics may be bad morals…the latter generally gets the upper hand(好的政见也许会是坏的道德准则，而事实上，奇怪而注定的是，当道德准则与政见相冲突时，后者往往会占上风)，也就是说，政治家往往会认为政治比道德更重要，符合此意的就是[C]项。其余三项中，[A]项指“比不上其政治野心”，其中的ambition属于原文中没有的信息;[B]项指“一直被 Machiavelli之流高估”，属于抓住原文中overvalue一词进行的发挥;[D]项指“应当作为其能力的准绳”，更是语出无据。
45.[B]。分析推理题。短文后一段提到了Machiavelli的著作the History of Florence(《佛罗伦萨史》)。作者指出，该书只是对中世纪的一种快速回顾，并且指出其写作方法和内容备受批评和质疑，而在该段最后一句中，作者用一个强调句指出，直接、具有逻辑性的叙述方式才是该书最大的魅力所在。结合这些方面可知，作者认为该书的魅力在于其风格而非内容，故答案就是[B]。其余三项都与该段原意不符，也无法由原文合理推知。
Text 2
46.[B]。细节题。文章第三句指出，对于管理人才的需求在增加，而由后文对这种人的描述可知指的就是generalists，因此答案是[B]。
47.[D]。细节题。答案信息对应于第二段第一句中的后一分句：his concern is with technique and tools(他关注的是技术和工具)，与[D]一致。
48.[C]。细节题。文章第二段对比了这两种人才的不同之处，在谈到管理人才时，该段第四句后一分句说：and the humanities are his strongest foundation(人文学科是其最强大的基础)，与[C]的意思一致。
49.[D]。细节题。答案信息对应于第二段最后一句：It is your task to find out，during your training period，into which of the two kinds ofjobs you fit，and tO plan your career accordingly(在培训期间，你的任务就是找出自己适合这两种工作中的哪一种，并且做出相应的职业规划)，它与[D]的意思一致。
50.[B]。分析推理题。文章最后一段指出，第一份工作可能会是最适合的工作，但这纯属偶然;也不能频繁地换工作;不能把第一份工作视为自己最终要从事的工作。因此本题答案是[B]。
Text 3
51.[C]。分析推理题。文章第二段第一句指出，发现失窃后，实际上《蒙娜·丽莎》已经丢失超过24小时了，然后描述了博物馆的开门时间和窃贼作案的过程。窃贼们周日进入博物馆里，再在第二天早上即周一盗走了画。文章第一句说明周二是1911年8月11日，因此盗走画的时间就是8月10日，选[C]。
52.[D]。细节题。文章第三段第一、二句指出，Perrugia卖画时被捕已经是两年以后的事情了(Nothing was seen…for two years when Perrugia tried to sell it tO a dealer for half a million lire，其中的it指的就是被盗的画)，因此选[D]。
53.[B]。细节题。本题为细节比对题。[A]对应于第三段第三句，但这是他自己的说法，第四段对此加以了否定;[B]也对应于这一句，与这一句后一分句指出的事实相符;[C]与倒数第二段描述的其他几名窃贼的情形不符;[D]与第三段第一句不符。
54.[D]。细节题。本题也为细节比对题。文章第五段第一、二两句描述了假画的制作过程。对照四个
选项可知，只有[D]是上一段提到的一种方法，但不是伪造《蒙娜·丽莎》的过程。
55.[D]。分析推理题。文章最后一段指出，关于这幅画的故事没有结束，由其中的possible、might、 controversy and argument、maybe等词可以看出，作者的意思是仍存在许多疑问，因此选[D]。
Text 4
56.[C]。句意推测题。由句中9ame(游戏)与a serious attempt to dojustice(实现正义的严肃之事)之间的对比关系及这一段后文对于英国审判过程的描述可以推知[C]对。
57.[D]。细节题。本题为细节比对题。[A]与第三段说明的法国审判系统中证据使用书面形式的内容相符;[B]与第二段第三、四句的意思一致;[C]与第一段最后一句中对两种审判形式的对比相符;只有[D]曲解了第一段中对于英国律师的描述。
58.[C]。细节题。答案信息对应于第五段第一句，其中的this is virtually never allowed指的就是不允许媒体提前公布与审判有关的细节，即[C]。
59.[C]。分析推理题。第五段对比了英美两国审判体系中律师的不同表现。由其中第二、三句和最后一句可以推知，美国律师与英国律师相反，更了解自己所代理的案子，因此答案是[C]。
60.[D]。主旨题。参见上述各题分析。文章主要是对比英美两国及其他一些国家(如法国)各自的审判制度的优缺点，因此最能概括这一主旨的就是[D]。
Part B
61.它想要应对的道德挑战之一涉及到“广泛性”，我们已经将其理解为一种比如说在员工关心的事情上所采用的“大伞”方式。
考查从句的理解和翻译以及词汇。在句子结构上本题较为复杂，需要考生仔细分析。句子主干是0ne of the difficult challenges…concerns“inclusiveness”，其中省略号处是一个省略了连接词的定语从句，修饰 challenges(挑战)。而此后又是一个由which引导的、较长的非限定性定语从句，修饰的是inclusiveness(广泛性，包容性)。对于这种较长的从句，应当按照中文习惯，将其翻译成一个单独的句子，并补足相应的句子成分。在这个从句中，又含有一个插入语for example，正是它的存在影响了许多考生的理解。其实，我们完全可以将它划掉，句子变成…a“large urnbrella’’approach in employee concerns，就不难理解了。翻译时只要将插入语补上就行了。至于词汇，一是addressed在此不再是“致辞，演说”的意思，而是指“应对，处理 ”;二是interpret在此直译不是很恰当;三是umbrella用的是比喻义，指“保护，庇护”，但由于有large修饰，故还是直译比较好。另外，两个concern的意思并不相同，考生也需要注意。
62.或许，可以在一个日益分裂的社会中构架起桥梁的一个最为重要的道德理念是，必须寻找到经验性证据，并用它来让人们在有争议的公众问题上达成一致意见。
考查从句、词汇以及被动语态的理解和翻译。在结构上，句子主干是the greatest ethical idea…IS the idea…。第一个that从句作主语idea的定语，而第二个that从句则是表语idea的同位语。第二个从句中用的是被动语态，翻译时考生应根据中文习惯进行调整。词汇方面，fragmented指“成碎片的，断裂的”，在此指社会“四分五裂，分崩离析”;build bridge用的是比喻义，指将社会联成一体;empirical evidence指“经验性证据，实证”。
63.出现这种情况的一个关键原因是商业环境具有高度竞争性的本质，在这一环境中，国际竞争者正在威胁着美国国内企业的生存。
考查定语从句和词汇的理解。本题句子结构较为简单，逗号后的部分为一个由where引导的定语从句，修饰其前的the business environment(商业环境)。词汇方面，考生主要应注意两个business的区别，前者指的是“商业”，而后者用复数形式，指的是“(商业)企业”。当然，考生也应当把key(关键的),very(正是)等词所体现出的强调语气准确翻译出来。
64.事实上，认为这种法律已经进入自然法领域，那些以前由私人决策者制定的规范如今要通过立法命令来颁布的观点是很有说服力的。
考查从句、特殊句式以及词汇的理解和翻译。本题是一个特殊句式，句子主干是it could persuasively be argued that…，其中it是形式主语，其后的that从句才是真正主语。这个从句中由两个并列句组成，即law in this mture…和noms fomerly described…，它们之间由and连接。在第二个并列句中，formerly described by private decision_makers是noms的分词后置定语，它相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。词汇方面，关键是要疏通it could persuasively be argued一处，应根据中文习惯来翻译。其次，in this nature指的是“这一类的”;natural law指“自然法(则)”;realm在此指“领域”;legislative commands指的是“立法命令，法律命令”。
65.这些法律就其初衷来说都是值得颂扬的;但尽管如此，它们却使得本国企业很难(就算不是完全不可能)与其他没有此种法律的国家的企业进行竞争，尤其是在考虑到成本的时候。
考查特殊句式、从句及词汇的理解和翻译。在结构上，本题由两个并列句组成，其间用分号隔开。前一分句是一个简单句，考查重点是第二个分句。在这个分句中，含有非谓语动词(competing with…)作宾语、形容词(difficult)作宾补以及插入语(if not impossible)等语法现象，需要考生注意。考生还要分析清楚这个分句的结构：主干是they make competing…difficult，而when引导的是一个状语从句。词汇方面，praise— worthy指“值得称道的，值得颂扬的”;nonetheless指“尽管如此，然而”;take(sth.)into account是个固定短语指“考虑到，顾及，注意到”。
Section IV Writing
66.写作要点：
(i)这是关键词与提纲相结合的写作。考生首先应当推敲关键词，理解题目要求，再根据所给提纲和关键词确定自己的写作主旨并构思文章的展开方式。
(ii)本题的关键词给出的是两种对立的观点，考生应根据自己的实际情况选择最有把握展开的观点进行论述。只要表达恰当、论述合乎逻辑，考生观点的选择不会影响得分。
(iii)题目要求中明确指出应用具体例子进行观点论证。例子不应多，一般举出一个即可。参考范文：
People often spend their free time in different ways.Some make plans carefullv fOr their leisure time，while others just plan nothing for the free time.I prefer making specific plan for my leisure time in advance，because making plan has SO many advantages.
First，plans show US the direction.Plans point OUt the direction for US，thus we won’t feel confused.As the old saying goes，“Practice makes perfect”，plan also makes perfect.Under the guide of a plan，things will go methodically rather than in a mess.
Second，plans give people a sense of self-fulfillment.People can always get encouragement or inspiration when completing a certain task at work，SO is with the spending of the leisure time.A specific time schedule can always give me a sense of achievement especially when I finish these schedules one by one.If there is not a specific plan for my day，I will feel a bit lost，not knowing what to do.Thus it is very likely for me to get lost in an idle feeling and a great depression.
Different people have different ideas and habits of spending their leisure time，and for me，a carefully planned leisure time schedule and a strictly enforcement of the schedule can bring enjoyment and relaxation.