2011年全国英语等级考试四级题型串讲：英语知识运用-公共英
一、大纲对英语知识运用题型的具体要求：
从表格中我们可以看出，英语知识运用部分纯粹考查语法的题目越来越少，这正是体现了大纲对该部分的考查要求，那就是运用英语语言的能力。对于词汇这块来讲，其中以考查一些实词为主，如动词，名词，形容词，副词等，一些功能词如介词，连词，代词等也是有所考查的。另外，固定搭配的也是考查的重点，从表中可以看出，在近两年的考试中，固定搭配就出现了11次，其频率还是很高的。结构型的题目，主要就是考查上下文语义逻辑的。
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（2006年完形填空）
Some people were just born to rebel; Charles Darwin was one of them. 21 Nicholas Copernicus, Benjamin Franklin and Bill Gates. They were22 “laterborns”----that is, they had23one older sibling---brother or sister---when they were born. 24, laterborns are up to 15 minutes likely than firstborns to25authority and break new26, says Frank j. Sulloway, a researcher scholar at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
In his book Born to Rebel being27this week, Sulloway claims that28 someone is an older or younger sibling is the most important29shaping personality---more significant than gender, race, nationality30class.
21. [A] Likewise[B] Likely[C] Alike[D] Unlike
25. [A] resist [B] decline[C] flee [D] prevent
26. [A] soil[B] foundation[C] land [D]ground
28. [A] whether [B] if [C] since[D] when
三、完形填空的命题形式
完形填空的命题形式就是给大家一篇语句连贯的短文(240-280字左右)，命题人有目的地在每隔一定数量的词语后去挖掉一处词语，总共形成20处词语空缺，然后在相应的空缺处设置包括三个干扰项在内的四个备选答案，需要大家从四个选项中选出一个最佳的答案。
四、完形填空的命题思路
1. 先对整体环境进行把握和理解--->解决具体问题。
2. 先对已知信息进行把握和理解--->破解未知信息。
3. 先对完形文章进行阅读理解--->解20个具体的填空。
五、完形填空常见的几种上下文逻辑关系
1. 并列关系：标志词：and，and also，or，neither…nor，either…or，in the same way，that is to
say，similarly，likewise，equally等。
2. 转折关系：标志词：but，however，on the contrary，by contrast，on the other hand，
unfortunately等。
3. 递进关系：标志词：then，besides，in addition，additionally，furthermore，what is
more，moreover等。
4. 因果关系：标志词：because，for，since，as，therefore，consequently，hence，so，accordingly等。
5. 让步关系：标志词：although，though，even though，even if，nevertheless，despite，in spite
of等。
六、完形填空流程
1. 先做整体通读；
2. 以段为单位，按段精读，按段理解，按段做题；
3. 进行最后的通读检查。
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七、真题讲解
(2007年完形填空)
Section ⅡUse of English
(15 minutes)
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Believe it or not, airlines really are trying to do better. They promised to
improve customer service last year 21 pressure from a Congress which was 22 stories of nightmare flights.
So why is it that flying is getting 23 for so many passengers, 24 airlines are spending billions of dollars to improve service,25 in ne equipment such as mobile checkin stations and portable phone banks so travelers can quickly26 a flight when it is delayed or canceled? The fact is that air travel has 27 been such an annoyance, and customer complaints to the Transportation Department doubled in 1999 28 1998.
It seems Mother Nature would 29 people by bus this year. An unusual run of bad weather, 30 long walls of thunderstorms, has crippled airports lately and led to widespread delays and cancellations. After similar problems last summer, the FAA promised to work more closely with airlines 31 weather slowdowns—for example, FAA and airline representatives now gather at a single location in Herndon, Va., to 32 the best way to allocate the available airspace. But even the FAA 33 the new initiative has fallen 34 of expectations, and many passengers complain that the delays seem 35.
Part of the problem is overcrowded planes. 36 the strong economy, U.S. airlines are expected to carry a record 665 million passengers this year, up 5 percent from last year. On 37, planes are about 76 percent full these days, also a 38. That’s good news for the Transport Department, which are profitably loading more passengers 39 each flight, and bad news for passengers, 40 irritations build rapidly in tight quarters.
21.[A] under [B] below [C] beneath [D] beyond
22.[A] held back by [B] fed up with [C] taken in by[D]filled in with
23.[A] inferior [B] worse [C] desperate [D] fatal
24.[A] as if [B] so that[C] even though [D] now that
25.[A] upgrading [B] purchasing[C] installing[D] investing
26.[A] reclaim [B] reserve [C] recall [D] rebook
27.[A] never[B] often[C] also [D] always
28.[A] since[B] upon[C] over[D] from
29.[A] persist[B] presume [C] prefer[D] permit
30.[A] featuring [B] capturing[C] distinguishing [D] characterizing
31.[A] charged with [B] responding to[C] replying to[D]abiding by
32.[A] draw in [B] follow up[C] figure out[D] set aside
33.[A] admits[B] allows[C] reveals[D] claims
34.[A] lagging [B] lacking [C] scarce [D] short
35.[A] absolute[B] arbitrary [C] plentiful[D] superfluous
36.[A] According to [B] Except for[C] Thanks to [D]Based on
37.[A] calculation[B] average [C] estimate [D] total
38.[A] fantasy [B] monument[C] legend[D]record
39.[A] at [B] for [C] over[D] on
40.[A] since[B] although [C] unless [D] if
八、非知识性的指导和建议
1. 利用褒贬色彩相一致的原则；
2. 利用同义原则；
3. 反义原则；
4. 利用答案的均匀分配原则；
5. 利用复现原则；
6. 利用与主旨相一致原则。
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