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当前位置：首页 >培训无忧 >无忧考库 >外语类 >雅思

ReadingPassage1：2012年11月17日雅思阅

2012-12-24来源/作者：卫凯点击次数：1003

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  • 第2页：Reading Passage 2
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考试日期： 2012年11月17日
Reading Passage 1
Title: 生物技术仿生学 Bionics
Question types: Matching, TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN
文章内容回顾 主要是讲生物技术，利用自然做成其他东西的三个阶段。

英文原文阅读
Bionics (also known as biomimicry, biomimetics, bio-inspiration, biognosis, and close to bionical creativity engineering) is the application of biological methods and systems found in nature to the study and design of engineering systems and modern technology.
The word bionic was coined by Jack E. Steele in 1958, possibly originating from the technical term bion (pronounced bee-on) (from Ancient Greek, meaning 'unit of life' and the suffix -ic, meaning 'like' or 'in the manner of', hence 'like life'. Some dictionaries, however, explain the word as being formed as a portmanteau from biology + electronics. It was popularized by the 1970s television series The Six Million Dollar Man and The Bionic Woman, which were based upon the novel Cyborg by Martin Caidin, which was influenced by Steele's work, and feature humans given superhuman powers by electromechanical implants.The transfer of technology between lifeforms and manufactures is, according to proponents of bionic technology, desirable because evolutionary pressure typically forces living organisms, including fauna and flora, to become highly optimized and efficient. A classical example is the development of dirt- and water-repellent paint (coating) from the observation that the surface of the lotus flower plant is practically unsticky for anything (the lotus effect). The term "biomimetic" is preferred when reference is made to chemical reactions.[citation needed] In that domain, biomimetic chemistry refers to reactions that, in nature, involve biological macromolecules (for example, enzymes or nucleic acids) whose chemistry can be replicated using much smaller molecules in vitro.
Examples of bionics in engineering include the hulls of boats imitating the thick skin of dolphins; sonar, radar, and medical ultrasound imaging imitating the echolocation of bats.
In the field of computer science, the study of bionics has produced artificial neurons, artificial neural networks, and swarm intelligence. Evolutionary computation was also motivated by bionics ideas but it took the idea further by simulating evolution in silico and producing well-optimized solutions that had never appeared in nature.It is estimated by Julian Vincent, professor of biomimetics at the University of Bath's department of mechanical engineering Biomimetics group, that "at present there is only a 12% overlap between biology and technology in terms of the mechanisms used"
题型难度分析 据考生回顾，本篇文章虽为第一篇，但是在三篇中较难，题目顺序有些乱，例子很多。

题型技巧分析		 是非无判断题是雅思阅读的经典题型，虽然今年的题量相对减少，但是仍是复习备考时应关注的题型。
首先应该注意看清是TRUE还是YES, 本篇是TRUE/ FALSE/ NOT GIVEN。
解题步骤：
1. 速读问题的句子，找出考点词（容易有问题的部分）。考点词：比较级，最高级，数据（时间），程度副词，特殊形容词，绝对化的词（only, most, each, any, every, the same as等）
2. 排除考点词，在余下的词中找定位词，去原文定位。
3. 重点考察考点词是否有提及，是否正确。
TRUE的原则是同义替换，至少有一组近义词。
FALSE是题目和原文截然相反，不可共存，通常有至少一组反义词。
NOT GIVEN原文未提及，不做任何推断，尤其多考察题目的主语等名词在原文是否有提及。
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习 剑4 Test1 Passage1
剑5 Test3 Passage1

　　最新动态：2013年中国雅思IELTS考试时间安排 来源:考试大-雅思

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 本文导航
  • 第1页：ReadingPassage1
  • 第2页：Reading Passage 2
  • 第3页：Reading Passage 3
Reading Passage 2
Title: 会唱歌的鸟
Question types: Heading, summary, sentence completion
文章内容回顾 主要讲了几种鸟类和哺乳动物。讲鸟的声音的新用处，与人的声音进行对比。
英文原文阅读

Why birds sing


A Red-eyed Vireo sings more than 20,000 songs a day. A Pileated Woodpecker drums on a tree at 15 beats per second. A Wilson's Snipe dives through the air, the feathers on its wings vibrating to produce a winnowing sound, hu-hu-hu...Why? Birds put a lot of effort into singing, drumming, winnowing, and otherwise displaying. They are trying to impress mates and proclaim territories.Songs are often loud and repetitive, so they tend to be noticed more than other bird sounds. One observer commented that a Winter Wren sings "with remarkable vehemence," as if he were "trying to burst [his] lungs." This tiny songster weighs just one-third of an ounce, but it sings with 10 times the power of a crowing rooster, per unit weight. Birds may sing their songs thousands of times throughout the day. Dickcissels may spend as much as 70 percent of the day singing while establishing territories and courting females.Some birds have large repertoires--the Brown Thrasher can sing as many as 2,000 distinct songs. Other species, such as the Henslow’s Sparrow, seem to have only one song. In North America, we hear mostly males singing, because they typically take the lead in defending territories and attracting mates. However, especially in the tropics, some species sing duets involving both the male and female.Courtship serenades
How do scientists know why birds sing? Experiments with recorded songs have shown that birds sing to attract mates. House Wren songs broadcast near nest boxes will attract female House Wrens, for example. Female birds may also judge the quality of a male's song when selecting a mate. Some studies have shown that males with extra food on their territories are the most persistent singers, and in some species, the most persistent singers attract females the soonest.Playback experiments have also shown that songs are important in defending a territory. For example, male House Wrens respond aggressively to the recording of another male's song, sometimes even attacking the loudspeaker. In other tests, researchers temporarily removed male birds from their territories but played songs through speakers on some of the territories. Neighboring males were less likely to invade territories from which songs were broadcast, showing that song means "Keep out!" to other birds.Song is not the only "keep out" signal that birds use. Although Northern Mockingbirds sing complex songs on their territories during the breeding season, they use only a loud chuck sound to declare their winter feeding territory. Some warblers also use just a simple call note on their winter feeding territory.Singing on the wing
Some birds sing while in flight, especially species that nest in open areas such as grasslands or the Arctic tundra.
Male Western Sandpipers arrive in Alaska several days before the females and make frequent display flights over their territories as they utter their flight song. Some display flights last up to five minutes and cover the sandpiper's territory. Others are rapid flights low over the tundra, followed by an abrupt ascent.
题型难度分析 据考生回顾，本篇文章的三个题目都较好做，很好定位。

题型技巧分析		 Heading题型做题步骤：
1. 读题目要求，注意是将heading前的序号写在答题卡上
2. 划去Example项，在Lists of headings中将例子的标题划去，同时将对应段落在文章中划去，以免做题时重复找
3. 在给出的标题中划出关键词，以名词为主
4. 读文章段落，主要读段首和段尾，找出主题句
5. 将段落主题句和标题相比较，选出答案
注意事项：
1. 在找主题句的时候，段首不一定是段落的第一句，很多时候尤其是第二段及以后的段落，第一句往往是对上一段的概况，第二句第三句才是主题句
2. 如果本段有however, but等转折词汇以及also, although等，主题句即作者的中心在其后面
3. 如果某段中重复出现标题中的某个关键词，也可以判定此段的标题即是含有这个关键词的标题
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习 剑3 Test4 Passage1

　　最新动态：2013年中国雅思IELTS考试时间安排 来源:考试大-雅思

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 本文导航
  • 第1页：ReadingPassage1
  • 第2页：Reading Passage 2
  • 第3页：Reading Passage 3
Reading Passage 3
Title: 娱乐措施
Question types: Heading, YES/NO/NOT GIVEN, sentence completion
文章内容回顾 娱乐设施怎样做到刺激最大化，用迪士尼乐园举例，并提到娱乐设施并不是越刺激越好，否则会让人恐惧或者feel sick。
英文原文阅读 Amusement parks and theme parks are terms for a group of entertainment attractions, rides, and other events in a location for the enjoyment of large numbers of people. An amusement park is more elaborate than a simple city park or playground, usually providing attractions meant to cater specifically to certain age groups, as well as some that are aimed towards all ages. Theme parks, a specific type of amusement park, are usually much more intricately themed to a certain subject or group of subjects than normal amusement parks.
Amusement parks evolved from European fairs and pleasure gardens, which were created for people's recreation. The oldest amusement park in the world is Bakken, north of Copenhagen, Denmark, which opened in 1583. In the United States, world's fairs and expositions were another influence on development of the amusement park industry. Amusement parks have a fixed location, as opposed to traveling funfairs and carnivals.
In common language, the terms "theme park" and "amusement park" are often synonymous. However, a "theme park" can be regarded as a distinct style of amusement park. A theme park has landscaping, buildings, and attractions that are based on one or more specific themes or stories. Despite many older parks adding themed rides and areas, qualifying the park as a theme park, the first park built with the original intension of promoting a specific theme, Santa Claus Land located in Santa Claus, Indiana, did not open until 1946. Disneyland, located in Anaheim, California, built around the concept of encapsulating multiple theme parks into a single amusement park is often mistakenly cited as the first themed amusement park, but is instead the park that made the idea popular.
题型难度分析 难度一般，后两种题型相对容易，第一种题型考察文章大意，相对较难。
题型技巧分析 本篇文章又出现了判断题，但是是YES/NO/NOT GIVEN, 这时考生需注意在填写答案的时候别写成了TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN。
另外，本篇也有填空题，填空题的做题步骤为：
1. 读题目要求，主要看字数要求，一般不超过三个或两个，一定要看清楚
2. 读题目，并划出关键词，关键词首先是特殊的比如人名地名时间数字等，如果没有这些词，那就划出名词
3. 对所填的空进行预测，预测所填空的词性，单复数情况
4. 根据划出的关键词去文中定位
5. 对定位部分进行分析，选出答案
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习 剑8 Test1 Passage3

　　最新动态：2013年中国雅思IELTS考试时间安排 来源:考试大-雅思

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