topic(1-35)：2012翻译资格三级笔译综合能力试题
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Section 1: Vocabulary and Grammar (25 points)
This section consists of 3 parts. Read the directions for each part before answering the questions. The time for this section is 25 minutes.
Part 1 Vocabulary Selection
In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
1. We have had to raise the prices of our products because of the increase in the cost of ______ materials.
A. primitive B. rough
C. original D. raw
2. With an eighty-hour week and little enjoyment, life must have been very______ for the students.
A. hostile B. anxious
C. tedious D. obscure
3. Whenever the government increases public services,______ because more workers are needed to carry out these services.
A. employment to rise B. employment rises
C. which rising employment D. the rise of employment
4. Our flight to Guangzhou was ______ by a bad fog and we had to stay much longer in the hotel than we had expected.
A. delayed B. adjourned
C. cancelled D. preserved
5. Container-grown plants can be planted at any time of the year, but ______ in winter.
A. should be B. would be
C. preferred D. preferably
6. Both longitude and latitude ______ in degrees, minutes and seconds.
A. measuring B. measured
C. are measured D. being measured
7. Most comets have two kinds of tails, one made up of dust, ______ made up of electrically charged particles called plasma.
A. one another B. the other
C. other ones D. each other
8. Good pencil erasers are soft enough not ______ paper but hard enough so that they crumble gradually when used.
A. by damaging B. so that they damage
C. to damage D. damaging
9. The magician picked several persons ______ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.
A. by accident B. at random
C. on occasion D. on average
10. On turning the comer, they saw the path ______ steeply.
A. departing B. descending
C. decreasing D. degenerating
11. English language publications in China are growing in volume and ______.
A. circulation B. rotation
C. circumstance D. appreciation
121. Hydroponics ______ the cultivation of plants without soil.
A. does B. is
C. do D. are
13. To impose computer technology ______ teachers is to create an environment that is not conducive to learning.
A. with B. to
C. in D. on
14. Marketing is ______ just distributing goods from the manufacturer to the final customer.
A. rather than B. other than
C. bigger than D. more than
15. ______ a language family is a group of languages with a common origin and similar vocabulary, grammar, and sound system.
A. What linguists call B. It is called by linguists
C. Linguists call it D. What do linguists call
16. In the eighteenth century, the town of Bennington, Vermont, was famous for ______ pottery.
A. it made B. its
C. the making D. where its
17. ______ get older, the games they play become increasingly complex.
A. Children B. Children, when they
C. As children D. For children to
18. ______ of his childhood home in Hannibal, Missouri, provided Mark Twain with the inspiration for two of his most popular novels.
A. Remembering B. Memories
C. It was the memories D. He remembered
19. Dust storms most often occur in areas where the ground has little vegetation to protect ______ of the wind.
A. from the effects B. it the effects
C. it from the effects D. the effects from it
20. Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are a ______.
A. scarcity B. minority
C. minimum D. shortage
Part 2 Vocabulary Replacement
This part consists of 15 sentences; in each sentence one word or phrase is underlined. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
21. Shellfish give the deceptive appearance of enjoying a peaceful existence, although in fact life is a constant struggle for them.
A. misleading B. calm
C. understandable D. initial
22. The most striking technological success in the 20th century is probably the computer revolution.
A. profitable B. productive
C. prominent D. prompt
23. Scientific evidence from different disciplines demonstrates that in most humans the left hemisphere of the brain controls language.
A. groups of followers B. years
C. countries D. fields of study
24. Public relations practice is the deliberate, planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain mutual understanding between an organization and its public.
A. complete B. related
C. intentional D. active
25. The use of the new technology will have a profound effect on schools.
A. negative B. positive
C. strong D. useful
26. If we look at the Chinese and British concepts of hospitality, we find one major similarity but a number of important differences.
A. hostility B. friendliness
C. manner D. culture
27. In just three years, the Net has gone from a playground for the local people to a vast communications and trading center where millions swap information or do deals around the world.
A. business B. shopping
C. chatting D. meeting
28. Most species of this plant thrive in ordinary well-drained garden soil and they are best planted 8 cm deep and 5 cm apart.
A. develop well B. grow taller
C. mature D. bear fruit
29. Motivation is the driving force within individuals that impels them to action.
A. impedes B. interferes
C. holds D. pushes
30. The ultimate cause of the Civil War was the bombardment of Fort Sumter.
A. only B. final
C. true D. special
31. No hero of ancient or modern days can surpass the Indians with their lofty contempt of death and the fortitude with which they sustain its cruelest affliction.
A. regard B. courage
C. loss D. trick
32. The service economy doesn't suggest that we convert our factories into laundries to survive.
A. imply B. persuade
C. hurl D. transform
33. It was rather strange how the habits of his youth clung to him still. He was 72.
A. stuck to B. turned
C. led to D. gave way to
34. He has a touch of eccentricity in his composition.
A. essay B. writing
C. character D. manner
35. Jim was a stout old gentleman, with a weather-beaten countenance.
A. body B. skin
C. shoulder D. passionate interest
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KEYS：
1.D [分析] 近义辨析。
A.primitive原始的，粗糙的，简单的，B.rough粗糙的，粗略的，大致的： C.original最初的，原始的，独创的：D.raw 未加工的，生的，处于自然状态的，此处是指原材料，因此答案为D。
2.C [分析] 词义辨析。
A.hostile敌对的，敌意的;B.anxious担忧的，渴望的：C.tedious单调乏味的，沉闷的，D.obscure朦胧的，模糊的，晦涩的，此处指：……，学生的生活一定是单调乏味的。因此答案为C。
3.B [分析] 语法应用。
逗号前是一个让步状语从句，because又引导一个原因状语从句，因此所填之处应为一个完整的主谓结构;B为答案。
4.A [分析] 近义辨析。
A.delayed耽搁，延误，推迟(指由于某种原因推迟，稍后还将继续，但不表明延期的具体时间);如：The accident delayed the train.火车因事故晚点。 B.adjourned使中止，推迟(一般指会议休会，则其在继续开);如：The hearing will be adjourned until tomorrow morning.听证会推迟到明天上午举行。C.cancelled取消，D.preserved保存，保藏。
5.D [分析] 词义辨析。
should be/would be应是;preferred首选的(adj.);preferably更适宜，最好是 (adv.);因此应填D。
6.C [分析] 语法应用。
所填之处前面是主语，后面是状语，此处应是谓语，根据句意，此处又应用被动语态，所以C为答案。
7.B [分析] 形近识别。
one another互相(原则上，两个人/两个时用each other，三个人/三个以上则用one another);如：They looked at one another.他们彼此看着对方：each other相互;如：They respect each other.他们互相尊重;the other(在两个之中的)另一方(表示两者之中剩下的那一个);因此应填B。
8.C [分析] 语法应用。
“enough+不定式”(足够……能)结构常置于形容词后作状语，表示结果，本句是这一结构的否定式：所以C是答案。
9.B [分析] 习语辨析。
A.by accident偶然;B.at random随便地，任意地，胡乱地：C.on occasion有时，D.on average平均起来;因此B为答案。
10.B[分析] 形近识别。
A.departing出发，背离;B.descending下降;如：The path descends sharply.这条小径向下急降(下斜坡度很陡)。C.decreasing减少，渐减; D.degenerating退化，因此选项B是答案。
11.A[分析] 词义辨析。
A.circulation流通，传播：B.rotation旋转，C.circumstance条件，细节， D.appreciation欣赏，正确评价，增值，此句意为：在中国，英语出版物在产量与销量(发行量/传递/流通)上日益增加。因此应选A。
12.B[分析] 语法应用。
Hydroponics(水耕法，水栽培)虽带有词尾-s，但表示单一概念，应看作是单数名词，故谓语动词要用单数，本句为主系表结构，用be动词，所以选B。
13.D[分析] 固定搭配。
impose+名词+on/upon(对……)课税，使负担，把(想法等)强加(于某人)，强迫(某人)接受：如：He always tries to impose his opinion on others.他总是想强迫别人接受他的意见。因此选D。
14.D[分析] 习语辨析。
A.rather than胜于，B.other than不同于，除了;C.bigger than大于;D.more than多过……，不止……，……以上;如：The consequence was much more than he imagined.结果远超过他的想象。本句意为：营销不仅仅是将货物从生产者向最终客户的分配。因此选D。
15.A[分析] 语法应用。
本句是用名词性从句What do linguists call a language family作主语，意思是语言学家将一组有着共同起源，类似词汇、语法及音系的语言称为语系。
16.B[分析] 语法应用。
本句意为：在十八世纪，本宁顿城和佛蒙特城以其制陶业而闻名：因此应填代词的所有格。如：The small town is famous for its fine park.这座小城以漂亮的公园著称。
17.C[分析] 语法应用。
本句逗号前是状语从句，空白处应填连词;主句主语是the games，因此选项A、B、D均不对：只有as“随着”符合句意，所以C为答案。
18.B[分析] 语法应用。
此处考强调句型：It is/was+强调成分+that/who;意为：是对童年家乡(汉尼拔和密苏里)的回忆使得马克吐温产生了灵感，写出了他最著名两部小说。因此选项B为答案。
19.C[分析] 固定搭配。
protect sth.from/against...保护;如：He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.他戴着太阳镜以挡强烈的阳光。因此选项C是答案。
20.B[分析] 词义辨析。
A.scarcity 缺乏，不足，罕见;B.minority 少数，少数民族;C.minimum 最小值;D.shortage 不足，缺乏：因此选项B为答案。
Part 2
21.A [分析]形容词辨析。
deceptive 欺骗性的，A.misleading令人误解的，骗人的，引入歧途的;B.calm平静的，沉着的，C.understandable可以理解的，可懂的;D.initial最初的，词首的，初始的，因此选项A是答案。
22.C[分析]形容词辨析。
striking 显著的，惊人的，A.profitable有利可图的，B.productive生产性的，多产的，C.prominent卓越的，显著的;D.prompt敏捷的，及时的：因此选项C为答案。
23.D[分析]名词辨析。
disciplines 纪律，学科;A.groups of followers 追随者团体;B.years年龄，年代，C.countries 国家;D.fields of study研究领域，因此选项D为答案。
24.C[分析]形容词辨析。
deliberate 深思熟虑的，故意的;A.complete全部的，完成的;B.related叙述的，相关的;C.intentional有意图的，故意的;D.active积极的，主动的，因此选项C为答案。
25.C[分析]形容词辨析。
profound 深刻的，意义深远的，渊博的;A.negative否定的，消极的，负的， B.positive肯定的，积极的，确实的;C.strong强大的，强烈的;D.useful有用的，有益的：因此选项C为答案。
26.B[分析]名词辨析。
hospitality 好客，宜人，盛情，A.hostility敌意，不友善，敌对;B.friendli- ness友谊，友善，亲切;C.manner礼貌，风格，方式;D.culture文化，文明，因此选项B为答案。
27.A[分析]名词辨析。
deals 交易，买卖;A.business商业，买卖，交易，生意，商行;B.shopping买东西，购物;C.chatting 聊天;D.meeting会议，机会，会战，因此选项 A为答案。
28.A[分析]动词辨析。
thrive 兴旺，繁荣，茁壮成长;A.develop well生长，发展，发育得好， B.grow taller渐渐长高;C.mature成熟，到期;D.bear fruit结出果实，奏效，因此选项A为答案。
29.D[分析] 动词辨析。
impels推动，推进，激励，趋势;A.impedes阻止，B.interferes 干涉，妨碍，抵触，C.holds保存，把握;D.pushes推动，推行，逼迫;因此选项 D为答案。
30.B[分析] 形容词辨析。
ultimate最后的，最终的，根本的;A.only唯一的，单独的，最好的：B.final最后的，最终的，决定性的，C.true真实的，真正的，正确的，忠实的， D.special特别的，特殊的，专门的;因此选项B为答案。
31.B[分析] 名词辨析。
fortitude坚韧，坚强的勇气，刚毅，A.regard关心，问候，尊重：B.courage勇气，精神，胆量，C.loss损失，遗失，失败，D.trick诡计，骗局，恶作剧，窍门;因此选项B为答案。
32.D[分析] 动词辨析。
convert使转变/转换，使……改变信仰，A.imply暗示，意味：B.persuade说服，劝说，(使)相信：C.hurl用力投掷，愤慨地说出，D.transform转换，改变，改造：因此选项D为答案。
33.A[分析] 动词词组辨析。
clung to(cling to)粘紧，依附，坚持(意见)，墨守(习惯);A.stuck to (stick to)粘住，坚持，B.turned转动，扭转，C.led to(lend to)通向，导致：D.gave way to(give way to)撤退，让步，退让，因此选项A为答案。
34.C[分析] 名词辨析。
composition作文，成分，气质，脾性：A.essay散文，小品文，随笔，评论; B.writing笔记，作品，著述;C.character性格，特征，特性;D.manner礼貌，风格，样式，本句话意为：他的性格有些古怪。因此选项C为答案。
35.B[分析] 名词辨析。
countenance面容，脸色，支持：A.body身体，肉体，团体;B.skin皮肤，外皮;C.shoulder肩，肩部，D.passionate interest强烈的兴趣，因此选项B为答案。
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Part 3 Error Correction
This part consists of 15 sentences; in each sentence there is an underlined part that indicates an error. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part so that the error is corrected. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
36. Not much people realize that apples have been cultivated for over 3,000 years.
A. Not many B. Not enough
C. Without many D. No many
37. The eastern bluebird is considered the most attractive bird native of North America by many bird-watchers.
A. native B. native with
C. native by D. native to
38. All living creatures pass on inherited traits from one generation to other.
A. the other B. another
C. others D. other one
39. Furniture makers use glue to hold joints together and sometimes to reinforce it.
A. its B. fast
C. hard D. them
40. The hard, out surface of the tooth is called enamel.
A. outside B. appearance
C. outer D. hiding
41. The earliest form of artificial lighting was fire, which also provided warm and protection.
A. hot B. sunshine
C. warmth D. safe
42. All mammals have hair, but not always evident.
A. but it is not B. but it is
C. but they are not D. but they are
43. A professor of economic and history at Atlanta University, W.E.B. Du Bois, promoted full racial equality.
A. economy B. economics
C. economical D. economic
44. Machines that use hydraulic pressure including elevators, dentist chairs, and automobile brakes.
A. exclude B. excluding
C. include D. are included
45. The first recorded use of natural gas to light street lamps it was in the town of Frederick, New York, in 1825.
A. was B. is
C. it is D. were
46. Although the social sciences different a great deal from one another, they share a common interest in human relationship.
A. move B. differ
C. change D. varies
47. Unlike competitive running, race walkers must always keep some portion of their feet in contact with the ground.
A. run B. runner
C. runners D. running race
48. A promising note is a written agreement to pay a certain sum of money at some time future.
A. time futures B. futures
C. futures time D. future time
49. New York City surpassed the other Atlantic seaports in partly because it developed the best transportation links with the interior of the country.
A. part B. partial
C. partner D. parting
50. All root vegetables grow underground, and not all vegetables that grow underground are roots.
A. but B. or
C. as D. thus
Section 2: Reading Comprehension (55 points)
In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with 4 (A, B, C and D) choices to complete the statement. You must choose the one which you think fits best. Then blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 75 minutes.
Phyllis Wheatley is regarded as America's first black poet. She was born in Senegal, Africa, about 1753 and brought to America aboard a slave ship at about the age of seven. John and Susannah Wheatley bought her for three pounds at a slave auction in Boston in 1761 to be a personal servant of Mrs. Wheatley. The family had three other slaves, and all were treated with respect. Phyllis was soon accepted as one of the family, which included being raised and educated with the Wheatley's twin 15-year-old children, Mary and Nathaniel. At that time, most females, even from better families, could not read and write, but Mary was probably one of the best educated young women in Boston. Mary wanted to become a teacher, and in fact, it was Mary who decided to take charge of Phyllis's education. Phyllis soon displayed her remarkable talents. At the age of twelve she was reading the Greek and Latin classics and passages from the Bible. And eventually. Mrs. Wheatley decided Phyllis should become a Christian.
At the age of thirteen Phyllis wrote her first poem. She became a Boston sensation after she wrote a poem on the death of the evangelical preacher George Whitfield in 1770. It became common practice in Boston to have "Mrs. Wheatley's Phyllis" read poetry in polite society. Mary married in 1771, and Phyllis later moved to the country because of poor health, as a teacher and caretaker to a farmer's three children. Mary had tried to interest publishers in Phyllis's poems but once they heard she was a Negro they weren't interested.
Then in 1773 Phyllis went with Nathaniel, who was now a businessman, to London. It was thought that a sea voyage might improve her health. Thirty-nine of her poems were published in London as Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral. It was the first book published by a black American. In 1775 Phyllis wrote a poem extolling the accomplishments of George Washington and sent it to him. He responded by praising her talents and inviting her to visit his headquarters. After both of her benefactors died in 1777, and Mary died in 1778, Phyllis was freed as a slave. She married in 1778, moved away from Boston, and had three children. But after the unhappy marriage, she moved back to Boston, and died in poverty at the age of thirty.
51. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Slavery and the treatment of the black people in America.
B. The Wheatley family, including their slaves.
C. The life of America's first black poet.
D. The achievements of Phyllis Wheatley.
52. The underlined word "respect" in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. consideration B. disregard
C. punishment D. behavior
53. According to the passage, how many slaves did the Wheatley's have?
A. One. B. Two.
C. Three. D. Four.
54. According to the passage, an unusual feature of Mary was that she ______.
A. was not much older than Phyllis
B. wanted to become a teacher
C. was comparatively well educated
D. decided to take charge of Phyllis's education
55. The underlined word "eventually" in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. ultimately B. slowly
C. reluctantly D. gradually
56. Which of the following is NOT true about Phyllis in the early 1770s?
A. She wrote her first poem when in her teens.
B. She married in 1771.
C. She became a teacher.
D. She was able to get her poems published.
57. The underlined word "they" in Paragraph 2 refers to ______
A. publishers B. poems
C. children D. black people
58. It can be inferred that Phyllis's trip to England with Nathaniel in 1773 ______
A. did not improve her health
B. was for business reasons
C. led to books of her poems being available in America
D. led to the publication of her poems because the English were more interested in religious and moral subjects
59. The word "extolling" is closest in meaning to ______
A. welcoming B. stating
C. bemoaning D. praising
60. Which of the following conclusions about Phyllis is supported by the passage?
A. She would have been more recognized as a poet if she had not been black.
B. She would have written poetry if she had stayed in Africa.
C. She went unrecognized as a poet during her lifetime.
D. She only wrote religious poetry.
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KEYS：
36.A[分析] 习惯搭配。
根据句意：知道苹果已种植了3,000多年的人不多。people是复数名词，用 not much形容不对;而not many意为“不多”;如：Not many high school students can study abroad.高中生能去留学的不多。因此选项A为答案。
37.D[分析] 习惯搭配。
native表示“(某地)固有的，原产的，(动植物)特有的”之意时，后面一般加to+名词，如：animals native to Africa非洲原产的动物，因此选项D是答案。
38.B[分析] 代词搭配。
根据句意：所有的生物都是一代一代地向下传递其遗传特性。another另一个，泛指同类事物中的另一个：本句是指从一代向另一代传递，因此from one to another是正确选项。
39.D[分析] 代词应用。
所填之词应指代前面提到的joints，是名词复数，所以应用代词them来代替。因此选项D为答案。
40.C[分析] 形容词应用。
outside和outer均有“外部的”意思。但outside一般指物体的外表或表面，而outer指一种相对性，即相对于内部而言的外部或外表， appearance外貌，外观，hiding隐匿：在此指牙齿的外表面，是相对于内部而言的，因此选项 C为答案。
41.C[分析] 名词应用。
此句意为：人工照明的最早方式就是火，而且火还能提供温暖和保护。所填之处应是一个名词，因此应为选项C。
42.A[分析] 结构应用。
此句意为：所有的哺乳动物都有毛发，但并不明显。but引导的句子主语应是指代前面所提的整件事，而不是前句主语all mammals，因此主语应用it;如用选项B，本句就不能用but连接了，因此只有选项A是答案。
43.B[分析] 名词应用。
要注意这几个形近词的应用：A.economy经济，节约，经济制度的状况： B.economics经济学，C.economical节约的，经济的;D.economic经济(上)的，产供销的，经济学的，因此选项B为答案。
44.C[分析] 结构应用。
划线部分应填本句的谓语动词(machines是主语，that use hydraulic pressure是定语)，根据句意，谓语动词应表“包括”之意，且在此不表被动，因此选项C是答案。
45.A[分析] 结构应用。
划线部分应填be动词(the first recorded use of natural gas是主语，to light street lamps是状语)：又因发生在过去，用过去时，所以选项A是答案。
46.B[分析] 习惯搭配。
根据句意：尽管各门社会科学之间有很大的差异，它们却都对人际关系有着共同的兴趣。其中表示：……与……不同，应用动词词组differ…from，而vary from指“不规则地改变成断断续续地改变，强调变化的多样性”，有时也指事物在不同地点、时间、条件下的变化或差异，如：The weather varies from hour to hour in some mountain districts.在某些山区，天气时刻变化。所以只有选项B是答案。
47.C[分析] 名词应用。
本句意为：跟赛跑者不一样，竞走者必须始终使脚的某一部分接触地面。在此相比较的是赛跑者与竞走者，因此答案应在B、C中选择，又因主语 race walkers是复数，所以选项C是答案。
48.D[分析] 结构应用。
此处要注意词序：时间状语是at...time，如：at this (that) time在这(那)时： future在此是形容词“未来的，将来的”，作time的定语;因此选项D是答案。
49.A[分析] 结构应用。
本句意为：纽约市在有些方面胜过其他大西洋沿岸的港口城市，因为它与其他内陆城市发展起了最好的交通联系。在此要表达“部分地，在有些方面”，应用partly或in part(介词in后不能用副词partly，应当用名词part)：而partial部分的，局部的，偏袒的，partner合伙人，股东;parting分别，分歧出;因此选项A是答案。
50.A[分析] 结构应用。
根据句意，前后两句应是转折关系，因此连接词应是表示转折关系的but，而不能用表示并列关系的and;因此选项A是答案。or表示“或”;as“当……之时，随着”;thus“因此，这样”。
Section 2
51.C[分析] 丰旨题型。
本文首先谈及她是美国第一个黑人诗人，后描写了她出生在非洲，被贩卖黑奴的船只带到美国，被John and Susannah Wheatley买去，与其他黑奴一样在这家受到尊重，跟从John and Susannah Wheatley的女儿Mary受教育……：十三岁写出她的第一首诗……;后结婚生子，最终三十岁时穷困而死：因此选项C是答案。
52.A[分析] 词义题型。
从第一段可以看出她虽被卖为奴隶，却受到良好的对待，甚至不久就被当作是家庭的一员(Phyllis was soon accepted as one of the family)，因此respect在此应为consideration体贴，照顾;选项A正确。其余几个选项全是反义。
53.D[分析] 细节题型。
见第一段第四句：The family had three other slaves…她也是被头为奴隶的，……因此这家有4个奴隶;选项D为答案。
54.C[分析] 细节题型。
尽管选项B、C、D都与文章内容相符，但本题问的是Mary本身拥有的与众不同的特点，所以选项C为答案。
55.A[分析] 词义题型。
eventually最后，终于，文章提到Mrs.Wheatley一家将她买为奴隶，却抚养教育她，最终Mrs.Wheatley决定让她成为一个基督徒。选项B.缓慢地; C.不情愿地：D.逐渐地，均不符合题意;因此只有选项A是答案。
56.B[分析] 细节题型。
选项A在第二段第一句中提及;选项C在第二段倒数第二句中提及，选项 D在第三段第三句中提及：只有选项B是错误的：因此B为答案。
57.A[分析] 细节题型。
此句意为：Mary试图使出版商对Phyllis的诗感兴趣，但一旦他们听说Phyllis是个黑人时，就兴趣索然。因此此处的they指的应是选项A。
58.A[分析] 推断题型。
由第三段第二句(It was thought that a sea voyage might improve her health.)可知这只是人们的希望，并不见得能实现;因此选项A为答案。
59.D[分析] 词义题型。
根据上下文，她写诗“extolling”华盛顿的成就并将诗送给他。因此，extolling应为“赞美”之意，选项D正确。
60.A[分析] 主旨题型，
根据全文得知：她才华横溢，十二岁时即能看希腊、罗马名著和圣经，十三岁时写出第一首诗……;但当出版商们得知她是黑人就对她不感兴趣了……。因此我们可总结出：如果她不是黑人，她会得到更多的认可。选项A正确。
本文导航
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About fifty years ago, plant physiologists set out to grow roots by themselves in solutions in laboratory flasks. The scientists found that the nutrition of isolated roots was quite simple. They required sugar and the usual minerals and vitamins. However, they did not require organic nitrogen compounds. These roots got along fine on mineral inorganic nitrogen. Roots are capable of making their own proteins and other organic compounds. These activities by roots require energy, of course: The process of respiration uses sugar to make the high energy compound ATP, which drives the biochemical reactions. Respiration also requires oxygen. Highly active roots require a good deal of oxygen.
The study of isolated roots has provided an understanding of the relationship between shoots and roots in intact plants. The leaves of the shoots provide the roots with sugar and vitamins, and the roots provide the shoots with water and minerals. In addition, roots can provide the shoots with organic nitrogen compounds. This comes in handy for the growth of buds in the early spring when leaves are not yet functioning. Once leaves begin photosynthesizing, they produce protein, but only mature leaves can "export" protein to the rest of the plant in the form of amino acids.
61. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. The relationship between a plant's roots and its shoots.
B. What can be learned by growing roots in isolation.
C. How plants can be grown without roots.
D. What elements are necessary for the growth of plants.
62. The underlined word "themselves" in Paragraph 1 refers to ______
A. plant physiologists B. solutions
C. laboratory flasks D. roots
63. The scientists found what the isolated roots need is ______
A. quite natural
B. sugar, minerals and vitamins
C. some rare vitamins
D. organic nitrogen compounds
64. Roots have the ability to ______
A. make proteins
B. obtain fresh air
C. produce inorganic nitrogen
D. carry out activities without energy
65. According to the passage, what is ATP?
A. A biochemical process.
B. The tip of a root.
C. A chemical compound.
D. A type of plant cell.
66. The underlined word "intact" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______
A. mature B. wild
C. whole D. tiny
67. The use of the phrase "comes in handy" underlined in Paragraph 2 indicates that the process is ______
A. unavoidable B. predictable
C. necessary D. successful
68. It can be inferred from the passage that, in the early spring, the buds of plants ______
A. "export" protein in the form of amino acids
B. do not require water
C. have begun photosynthesizing
D. obtain organic compounds from the root
69. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
A. The results of two experiments are compared.
B. A generalization is made, and several examples of it are given.
C. The findings of an experiment are explained.
D. A hypothesis is presented, and several means of proving it are suggested.
70. Where is this passage likely to be found?
A. A newsletter. B. A magazine.
C. A storybook. D. A novel.
本文导航
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- 第2页：KEYS(1-35)
- 第3页：topic(36-60)
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- 第6页：KEYS(61-70)
- 第7页：topic(71-90)
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KEYS：
61.A[分析] 主旨题型。
见本文主旨句，第二段第一句：The study of isolated roots has provided an understanding of the relationship between shoots and roots in intact plants.(第一段谈的是the study of isolated roots;第二段谈的是the relationship between shoots and roots)：因此选项A应为答案。
62.A[分析] 细节题型。
见第一段第一句：About fifty years ago，plant physiologists set out to grow roots by themselves in solutions in laboratory flasks，这里指plant physiologists自己培育根用作物;因此themselves在此应为正确选项。
63.B[分析] 细节题型。
见第一段第三句：They required sugar and the usual minerals and vitamins.所以选项B是答案。
64.A[分析] 细节题型。
见第一段第六句：Roots are capable of making their own proteins and other organic compounds.所以选项A是答案。
65.C[分析] 推断题型。
第一段提到(块)根需要sugar and the usual minerals and vitamins，但不需要 organic nitrogen compounds，因(块)根可自造所需的蛋白质和其它organic compounds;这里反复提到的organic compounds应包括the high energy compound ATP(见第一段倒数第二句);因此可推断出选项C(一种化合物)为答案。
66.C[分析] 词义题型。
本句意为：对于分离出(孤立)的根所做的研究为了解根和芽作为一植物 _____的关系提供了帮助。当然intact应为：包括根和芽的植物整体，因此选项C为答案。
67.C[分析] 词义题型。
见第二段第四句：This comes in handy for the growth of buds in the early spring when leaves are not yet functioning.这对于芽(蓓蕾)在早春的生长很是必要，因为叶在那时还没有起作用。所以comes in handy应表“必要”，所以选项 C为答案。
68.D[分析] 推断题型。
见第二段第三、四句：根为芽提供有机氮，这对于芽(蓓蕾)在早春的生长很是必要，因为叶在那时还没有起作用。因此可推断出：在那时，植物的芽是从根处获得有机化合物的：所以选项D为答案。
69.C[分析] 主旨题型。
第二段第一句为本文的主旨。而这是植物生理学家通过研究种植在实验瓶中的根，及在此基础上研究根、芽作为植物整体间的关系取得的;本文对此作了较详尽的解释。因此选项C为答案。
70.B[分析] 推断题型。
根据本篇文章的结构和文体，不可能是一篇时事通讯(因发生在大约50年前)，也不会是一篇故事或小说;在此只可能是发表在一份专业刊物上，因此选项B为答案。
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Natural flavorings and fragrances are often costly and limited in supply. For example, the vital ingredient in a rose fragrance is extracted from natural rose oil at a cost of thousands of dollars a pound; an identical synthetic substance can be made for 1% of this cost. Since the early twentieth century, success in reproducing these substances has created a new industry that today produces hundreds of artificial flavors and fragrances.
Some natural fragrances are easily synthesized; these include vanillin, the aromatic ingredient in vanilla, and benzaldehyde, the aromatic ingredient in wild cherries. Other fragrances, however, have dozens, even hundreds of components. Only recently has it been possible to separate and identit3, these ingredients by the use of gas chromatography and spectroscopy. Once the chemical identity is known, it is often possible to synthesize them. Nevertheless, some complex substances, such as the aroma of fresh coffee, have still not been duplicated satisfactorily.
Many of the chemical compounds making up these synthetics are identical to those found in nature, and are as harmless or harmful as the natural substances. New products must be tested for safety, and when used in food, must be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
The availability of synthetic flavors and fragrances has made possible a large variety of products, from inexpensive beverages to perfumed soap to used cars with applied "new car odor."
71. From the passage we can learn that ______
A. natural flavorings and fragrances are not quite dear
B. the limitation of natural flavorings and fragrances is clear
C. the supply of natural flavorings and fragrances is adequate to meet the demand
D. the cost of producing natural flavorings and fragrances is high
72. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Natural rose fragrance is 100 times more expensive to produce than artificial rose fragrance.
B. The most important ingredient in a rose fragrance is obtained from natural rose oil at a low cost.
C. A different synthetic substance can be made for 1% of the cost.
D. Natural rose oil costs the same as its fragrances.
73. The industry of producing hundreds of artificial flavors and fragrances probably appeared in ______
A. 2000 B. 1953
C. 1909 D. 1810
74. According to the passage, all the following are easier to synthesize EXCEPT ______
A. aromatic ingredient in vanilla
B. vanilla
C. aromatic ingredient in wild cherry
D. the flavor of fresh coffee
75. The underlined word "duplicated" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______
A. make double
B. make a copy of
C. produce something equal to
D. take from
76. Why does the author mention fresh coffee in Paragraph 2?
A. As an example of complex substances having not been duplicated satisfactorily.
B. Because the coffee fragrance is hard to produce.
C. To conclude the passage.
D. The smell of fresh coffee is inviting.
77. ______ a substance can be synthesized.
A. Upon identifying the basic components of it
B. Once chemically analyzed
C. When gas chromatography is used
D. If spectroscopy is adopted
78. It can be inferred from the passage that ______
A. vanillin is easier to synthesize than benzaldehyde
B. not all synthetic flavors are harmless
C. in general, the less components there are in a fragrance, the harder it is to synthesize
D. synthesized substances must be tested for safety only if they are used in food
79. Which of the following is the best title for tile passage?
A. How to Synthesize Fragrances
B. Synthetic Substances Are Easy to Make
C. Natural Flavorings and Fragrances
D. Synthetic Flavors and Fragrances
80. Which of the following is NOT true according to the last paragraph?
A. Synthetic fragrances can be used to make a used car smell like a new one.
B. Synthetic flavors and fragrances have added to the varieties of products.
C. Lemon soap is made out of some delicious lemon.
D. It is likely that a bottle of orange juice is synthesized.
Some people associate migration mainly with birds. Birds do travel vast distances, but mammals also migrate. An example is the caribou, reindeer that graze on the grassy slopes of northern Canada. When the weather turns cold, they travel south until spring. Their tracks are so well-worn that they are clearly visible from the air. Another migrating mammal is the Alaska fur seal. These seals breed only in the Pribilot Islands in the Bering Sea. The young are born in June and by September are strong enough to go with their mothers on a journey of over 3,000 miles. Together they swim down the Pacific Coast of North America. The females and young travel as far as southern California. The males do not journey so far. They swim only to the Gulf of Alaska. In the spring, males and females all return to the islands, and there the cycle begins again. Whales are among the greatest migrators of all. The humpback and blue whales migrate thousands of miles each year from the polar seas to the tropics. Whales eat huge quantities of plankton. These are most abundant in cold polar waters. In winter, the whales move to warm waters to breed and give birth to their young.
81. From the passage we can learn that ______
A. people migrate like animals
B. only birds migrate
C. the female fur seals migrate only to the Gulf of Alaska
D. not all mammals migrate
82. The phrase "An example" underlined in Paragraph 1 refers to an example of a ______
A. migratory mammal
B. place where animals migrate
C. migrating bird
D. person who associates migration with birds
83. All the mammals are mentioned as migrating ones EXCEPT ______
A. caribou B. fin whale
C. reindeer D. Alaska fur seal
84. Where can you see from the air the migration of the mammals?
A. In the Pribilot Islands. B. In the Bering Sea.
C. In southern California. D. In northern Canada.
85. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Whales breed in winter.
B. Young whales are given birth in cold waters.
C. Alaska fur seals give birth to the young only in one area.
D. Alaska fur seals are born in warm weather.
86. Together ______ of Alaska fur seals swim down the Pacific Coast of North America.
A. mothers and the young
B. fathers and the young
C. parents and the young
D. seals and whales
87. Which of the following is NOT described in the passage?
A. Whales migrate to breed and give birth to their young.
B. Whale-watching in Boston in summer is attracting.
C. Seals breed in the north before migration.
D. Reindeer feed on grass.
88. Whales live on ______
A. tiny plants and animals in the sea
B. the grassy slopes of northern Canada
C. their young in cold winter
D. the abundant seafood in tropic waters
89. How many kinds of migrating mammals are mentioned in the passage?
A. Four. B. Three.
C. Two. D. One.
90. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Three Types of Whales
B. Birds Migration
C. Mammals Also Migrate
D. Several Kinds of Migration
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KEYS：
71.D[分析] 细节题型。
见第一段第一句：Natural flavorings and fragrances are often costly and limited in supply.因此选项D为答案。
72.A[分析] 是非题型。
见第一段第二句的后半部分：For example，the vital ingredient in a rose fragrance is extracted from natural rose oil at a cost of thousands of dollars a pound;an identical synthetic substance can be made for 1% of this cost.意即：玫瑰香(料)所需的成分是从天然玫瑰油中萃取的，这种萃取物一磅价值要数千美元;而人工合成的玫瑰香料价值只是天然的百分之一。因此选项A为答案。
73.C[分析] 细节题型。
见第一段第三句：Since the early twentieth century, success in reproducing these substances has created a new industry that…符合“二十世纪早期”条件的选项只有C，所以是答案。
74.D[分析] 细节题型。
本题可用排除法。见第二段第一句：Some natural fragrances are easily synthesized; these include vanillin，the aromatic ingredient in vanilla，and benzaldehyde，the aromatic ingredient in wild cherries.选项A、B、C的内容均被提及，因此除外的选项只有D，所以D为答案。(本题答案也可用下一题的推断法推出)
75.C[分析] 推断题型。
从第二段前几句得知：Some natural fragrances are easily synthesized.(有些天然香料可以很容易地进行人工合成。)Other fragrances，however，have dozens， even hundreds of components.(而有些却包含有几十甚至上百种成分——言外之意，较难合成。)Only recently has it been possible to separate and identify these ingredients by the use of gas chromatography and spectroscopy.(只是到了最近，由于使用气相色谱分析和分光镜才能分离或鉴别出这些成分。)Once the chemical identity is known，it is often possible to synthesize them.(一旦了解了它们的化学成分，人们就有可能将之合成。)Nevertheless, some complex substances, (然而仍有一些复杂的成分，如新鲜咖啡的香味难以合成得令人满意。);由此可推断出很难合成与新鲜咖啡香味相同的香料。选项C内容与此意最接近，所以是答案。
76.A[分析] 推断题型。
见上题推理：作者之所以提及新鲜咖啡，是借此例来说明一些成分复杂的物质很难令人满意地合成出来。所以选项A为答案。
77.B[分析] 细节题型。
见第二段倒数第二句(见75题答案)，所以选项B为答案。
78.B[分析] 推断题型。
见第三段第一句：Many of the chemical compounds…and are as harmless or harmful as the natural substances.由此推断出：有些化学合成物(其中也包括香料)与其自然界存在的物质一样是无害的，有些则是有害的。因此选项B为答案。
79.D[分析] 主旨题型。
阅读全文可知本文是围绕天然调味品和香料供应有限且价格不菲(见第一段第一句)，后有了人工合成品替代(尽管有些合成容易，有些困难)，使大量生产成为可能：其中主要部分谈的是人工合成品(调味品和香料)：因此选项D为答案。
80.C[分析] 细节题型。
可用排除法：选项A、D的内容见第四段后半句，选项B的内容见第四段前半句：只有选项C的内容未被提及(因为lemon柠檬属于natural substance，不是人工合成物)，所以是答案。
81.D[分析] 推断题型。
从文章前几句得知：一些人认为有迁徙习性的主要是鸟类……但哺乳动物也“迁徙”：其中一个例子是……。另一个迁徙的例子是……。由此推断出并不是所有的哺乳动物都迁徙;因此选项D是答案。本题也可用排除法做：选项A，B、C均是错误的，所以只有D是正确选项。
82.A[分析] 细节题型。
见上题分析，第二、三句提到哺乳动物也迁徙：其中—个例子是……。当然这个例子应是指迁徙的哺乳动物了。所以选项A是答案。
83.B[分析] 细节题型。
选项A和C在第三句中提及：选项D在第六句中提及：因此本题答案应为B。
84.D[分析] 细节题型。
见第三句、五句：An example is the caribou，reindeer that graze on the grassy slopes of northern Canada...Their tracks are so well-worn that they are clearly visible from the air.因此答案为D。
85.B[分析] 是非题型。
见文章最后一句：In winter，the whales move to warm waters to breed and give birth to their young.因此选项B为答案。
86.C[分析] 细节题型。
[注意本题容易选错]从文章Another migrating mammal is the Alaska fur seal These seals breed only in the Pribilot Islands in the Bering Sea. The young are born in June and by September are strong enough to go with their mothers on a journey of over 3,000 miles.Together they swim down the Pacific Coast of North America.The females and young travel as far as southern California.The males do not journey so far，中的划线部分可知，The females and young Alaska fur seal会从the Bering Sea(白令海——北太平洋的一部分)swim down the Pacific Coast of North America直到 southern California;而 The males也会从白令海南下(因为These seals breed only in the Pribilot Islands in the Bering Sea.)，只不过他们没有the females and young走的远罢了。因此选项C为答案。
87.B[分析] 是非题型。
选项A(见文章最后一句)、选项C(见上题)和选项D(见第三句)的内容在文章中均有提及，所以选项B是答案。
88.A[分析] 细节题型。
见文章倒数第三、四句：Whales eat huge quantities of plankton(浮游生物)。 These are most abundant in cold polar waters，所以选项A为答案。也可用排除法：选项B指的是reindeer的习性，选项C文中未提及鲸以幼仔为生，选项 D指的是tropic water，与 polar water相反：所以只有选项A正确。
89.B[分析] 细节题型。
文章提及reindeer(第三句)，the Alaska fur seal(第六句)和Whales(倒数第五句)所以选项B为答案。
90.C[分析] 主旨题型。
阅读全文，本文主要讲的是一些迁徙的哺乳动物，未仔细谈及几种类型的迁徙;因此C为答案。
本文导航
- 第1页：topic(1-35)
- 第2页：KEYS(1-35)
- 第3页：topic(36-60)
- 第4页：KEYS(36-60)
- 第5页：topic(61-70)
- 第6页：KEYS(61-70)
- 第7页：topic(71-90)
- 第8页：KEYS(71-90)
- 第9页：topic(91-100)
- 第10页：KEYS(91-100)
Electronic mail has become an extremely important and popular means of communication.
The convenience and efficiency of electronic mail are threatened by the extremely rapid growth in the volume of unsolicited commercial electronic mail. Unsolicited commercial electronic mail is currently estimated to account for over half of all electronic mall traffic, up from an estimated 7 percent in 2001, and the volume continues to rise. Most of these messages are fraudulent or deceptive in one or more respects.
The receipt of unsolicited commercial electronic mail may result in costs to recipients who cannot refuse to accept such mail and who incur costs for the storage of such mail, or for the time spent accessing, reviewing, and discarding such mail, or for both. The receipt of a large number of unwanted messages also decreases the convenience of electronic mall and creates a risk that wanted electronic mail messages, both commercial and noncommercial, will be lost, overlooked, or discarded amidst the larger volume of unwanted messages, thus reducing the reliability and usefulness of electronic mail to the recipient. Some commercial electronic mail contains material that many recipients may consider vulgar or pornographic in nature.
The growth in unsolicited commercial electronic mail imposes significant monetary costs on providers of Internet access services, businesses, and educational and nonprofit institutions that carry and receive such mail, as there is a finite volume of mail that such providers, businesses, and institutions can handle without further investment in infrastructure. Many senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mail purposefully disguise the source of such mall.
Many senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mall purposefully include misleading information in the messages' subject lines in order to induce the recipients to view the messages. While some senders of commercial electronic mail messages provide simple and reliable ways for recipients to reject (or 'opt-out' of) receipt of commercial electronic mall from such senders in the future, other senders provide no such 'opt-out' mechanism, or refuse to honor the requests of recipients not to receive electronic mail from such senders in the future, or both.
Many senders of bulk unsolicited commercial electronic mail use computer programs to gather large numbers of electronic mail addresses on an automated basis from Internet websites or online services where users must post their addresses in order to make full use of the website or service.
The problems associated with the rapid growth and abuse of unsolicited commercial electronic mall cannot be solved by the government alone. The development and adoption of techno-logical approaches and the pursuit of cooperative efforts with other countries will be necessary as well.
91. According to the passage, efficiency of e-mail is threatened by ______
A. heavy e-mail traffic
B. fraudulent e-mail messages
C. large volume of messages
D. increasing amount of unwanted e-mail
92. Which of the following is NOT true about unwanted e-mail?
A. It costs money to receive them.
B. It's free to store them.
C. It takes time to access them.
D. It takes time to throw them away.
93. Unwanted e-mail may ______
A. cause companies to fail in business
B. cause wanted e-mail messages to lose
C. damage the credit of a company
D. do good to a small company
94. "Pornographic" in Paragraph 3 probably means ______
A. decent B. instructional
C. sexual D. commercial
95. What does unwanted e-mail messages do to the providers of the Internet services?
A. Raising their cost.
B. Raising the Internet speed.
C. Improving their business.
D. Attracting investment.
96. "Disguise" in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______
A. reveal B. hide
C. deliver D. post
97. The word "induce" in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ______
A. cheat B. introduce
C. provide D. harm
98. "Opt-out" mechanism is probably ______
A. a machine that can be attached to your computer
B. a button that you can make a choice to read or not to read
C. a software that you can play a computer game
D. an e-mail that says some good words to you
99. It can be inferred from Paragraph 6 that bulk unsolicited commercial e-mail will probably spread ______
A. harmful virus B. unpleasant news
C. advertisements D. adult jokes
100. The unwanted e-mail problem can be solved if ______
A. the government takes action
B. a new technology is adopted
C